tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage world wide. tea ( camellia sinensis ) is a naturally rich source of fluoride. the quantity of fluoride intake is important in optimizing its dental caries-preventive role. intense concentration of fluoride in tea, can lead to excessive fluoride intake which may cause health problems in turn. the measurement of fluoride intake usually requires in...

We investigated the structure and electric conductivity of solid solutions homovalent substitution Ва1–хSn1+хF4 (where х=0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15 0.23) heterovalent (KyВа1–y)(1–х)Sn1+хF4–y(1–х) 0.10 у=0.03, 0.10) with BaSnF4. It was been found that 7 mol.% Ba2+ cations by Sn2+ contributed to an increases in electrical conductivity. The solution Ba0.77Sn1.23F4 had highest (573=6.8010–3 S c...

Barium sulfate is an inert material used as a radiographic contrast medium during upper gastrointestinal contrast studies for evaluation of patients with dysphagia. Oral barium aspiration is an uncommon but wellreported complication of this procedure. While barium aspiration of small amounts may not cause any symptoms, massive barium aspiration can be life-threatening, particularly in elderly p...

calcium fluoride deposit during fluoride application. uptake and retention of fluoride by saliva depends generally on the concentration of calcium. in this study, the effect of calcium pre-rinse on salivary fluoride concentration after a 900 ppm fluoride mouthwash was investigated.this cross-over double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in a girls' dormitory in zahedan university of...

fluoride is one of the most important elements in the composition of teeth and bones. this element can enter the body via different ways. however, drinking water is the most important way to receive fluoride by a lot of people. an increase in fluoride level in the body causes dental fluorosis and its absence leads to teeth decay. standard rate of fluoride in drinking water is determined by the ...

The barium is often used in radiocontrast examinations of the digestive system because of mucosal absorption is limited. Massive barium aspiration is a rare complication, especially when there is no anatomic or neurological defi cit. The depending on barium concentration can cause various lung effects. When the literature is reviewed, barium aspiration may be asymptomatic or lethal in massive a...

Barium (Ba) with CAS number 513-77-9 and atomic number 56 is a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. It has a high chemical reactivity and is never found in nature as a free element. It is highly toxic upon acute and chronic exposures (Bhoelan et al., 2014). Barium has been tested for its toxicity in different studies (Llugany et al., 2000; Langdon, 1994; Akinfieva and Gerasimova, 1984). ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study tested the hypotheses that swallowing apnea duration (SAD) will increase given barium versus water, chemesthetic stimuli (i.e., water < ethanol, acid, and carbonation) mixed with barium, age (older > younger), and genetic taste differences (supertasters > nontasters). STUDY DESIGN Prospective group design. SETTING University Medical Center. METHODS Eighty ...

Barium ions enter chromaffin cells via voltage-sensitive calcium channels, although the intracellular site of barium action is distinct from that of calcium. The entry of barium primarily through voltage-sensitive channels was indicated by experiments showing inhibition of 133Ba2+ uptake by blockers of voltage-dependent calcium channels. In addition, 133Ba2+ uptake was stimulated by 50 mM KCl b...

Barium sulphate has been used as a gastrointestinal (GI) contrast agent for over 100 years. Since the first report of single contrast barium radiography in 1910, barium techniques have evolved in parallel with technical developments such as fluoroscopic image intensification. Double contrast techniques were first described in the 1920s but did not become mainstream until the 1960s and 1970s whe...