abstract the utility of carbon paste electrode for the determination of flavoxate hcl modified with flavoxate-tetraphenylborate (flx-tpb) and flavoxate-phosphotungestic acid (flx-pta) ion-pairs in batch mode is demonstrated. the electrodes revealed a nernstian response over a wide concentration ranges 1.39×10-5-1x10-2 mol l-1 and1×10-5-1x10-2 mol l-1 using flx-tpb and flx-pta, respectively. the...

A high yielding, batch mode synthesis of diaryl ethers and sulfides by an S(N)Ar fluoride-mediated process in scCO(2) has been developed; the use of a polymer-supported imidazolium fluoride reagent in batch mode led to the development of a fixed-bed continuous flow process, with high conversions.

Dialkyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates have been prepared in a batch mode under conventional heating as well as under continuous flow conditions in the Miniflow 200SS, Sairem's microwave-assisted batch and continuous flow equipment. Real-time monitoring of the reactions by Raman spectroscopy enabled to compare both heating modes and to determine (optimized) reaction times.

Continuous flow chemistry as a process intensification tool is well known. However, its ability to enable chemists to perform reactions which are not possible in batch is less well studied or understood. Here we present an example, where a new reactivity pattern and extended reaction scope has been achieved by transferring a reaction from batch mode to flow. This new reactivity can be explained...

The integration of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) in a microfluidic geometry can significantly enhance the power density of these cells, which would have more active bacteria per unit volume. Moreover, microfluidic MFCs can be operated in a continuous mode as opposed to the traditional batch-fed mode. Here we investigate the effect of fluid flow on the performance of microfluidic MFCs. The growth ...

We have successfully demonstrated an efficient anodic aromatic C,C cross-coupling reaction using parallel laminar flow mode in a two-inlet flow microreactor. The model reaction proceeded effectively even in single flow-through operations and the desired cross-coupling product was obtained in much higher current yields compared to the reaction in a conventional batch type cell.

Development of real-time sensor based on the target-specific probe that make possible sensitive, rapid and selective detection and monitoring of the particular antigen molecules could be of substantial importance to the many applications. Because of its high specificity to the target molecules, excellent temperature stability, and easy production, bacterial phage might serve as a powerful biore...

Ammonia inhibition of biohydrogen production was investigated in batch and continuous flow reactors with glucose as a substrate. In batch tests, biohydrogen production rate was highly dependent on pH and ammonia (defined as the sum of NH3 of NH4+ species) concentrations above 2 g N/L. At pH = 6.2, the maximum production decreased from 56 mL/h at 2 g N/L to 16 mL/h at 10 g N/L. At pH = 5.2, prod...

This study presents findings on an assessment of the effect of continuous and batch feeding strategies on the removal of selected pharmaceuticals from synthetic wastewater. Six mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands, including three horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and three sand filters, were set up at the campus of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The findings showed t...