Biocides are used without restriction for several purposes. As a consequence, large amounts of biocides are released without any control in the environment, a situation that can challenge the microbial population dynamics, including selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Previous work has shown that triclosan selects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia antibiotic resistant mutants overexpressing ...

This study investigates the influence of treatment of plastic and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with chlorhexidine or benzalkonium chloride on subsequent adherence of Candida albicans. Three concentrations were tested for each antiseptic: (i) chlorhexidine, MIC (6.25-12.5 mg/L), 80 x MIC and 800 x MIC; and (ii) benzalkonium chloride, MIC (3.12 mg/L), 40 x MIC and 1600 x MIC. Chlorhexidine...

Article history: Received on: 29/02/2016 Revised on: 15/03/2016 Accepted on: 06/04/2016 Available online: 28/05/2016 A simple HPLC method for determination of Benzalkonium chloride in various ophthalmic solutions was developed. The chromatographic analysis was achieved using CN column (250 mm, 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile phosphate buffer (pH 5.5; 0....

CONTEXT In most countries, the use of topical nasal decongestants is limited to a maximum of 10 days because of the risk of developing rebound mucosal swelling and rhinitis medicamentosa. OBJECTIVE To determine whether topical nasal decongestants can be safely used for 10 days in patients with chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel st...

On the occasion of quality controls in food business and during official food surveillance, benzalkonium chloride residues in excess of the currently applicable maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg were detected in food. The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) derived toxicological reference values for benzalkonium chloride and assessed whether the detected residues pose a health r...

objective(s):  the aim of this study was to prepare a nanosuspension formulation as a new vehicle for the improvement of the ocular delivery of vitamin a.  material and methods:   formulations were designed based on full factorial design. a high pressure homogenization technique was used to produce nanosuspensions. fifteen formulations were prepared by the use of different combinations of surfa...

benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammounium compounds derivative under different names such as afxhang, hamoon, mahan etc, which have great and expanded use in sanitation and medical affairs. bactericidal activity of these disinfectants was fulfilled according to national standard method no.2842 on staph. aureus, sal. typhimouium and e. coli. this laboratory test showed that, except mahan t...