Betaine hydrochloride (BHC), as an ionic salt was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 4-thiazolidinediones. The methodology of study was achieved by one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amine and mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of betaine hydrochloride (BHC) at reflux temperature in ethanol as solvent. The efficiency of Betaine hydro...

Betaine hydrochloride (BHC), as an ionic salt was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 4-thiazolidinediones. The methodology of study was achieved by one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amine and mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of betaine hydrochloride (BHC) at reflux temperature in ethanol as solvent. The efficiency of Betaine hydro...

The mechanisms through which melatonin exerts its inhibitory effect on cell death remains insufficiently clarified. The subject of the present study is the evaluation of the hepatoprotective effects of melatonin on the inhibition of apoptotic and oxidative processes and activation of survival pathways, in comparison with betaine, in a primary culture of hepatocytes that have undergone Fas-ligan...

A Japanese family with a novel nonsense mutation in the TITF-1 gene (p.Y98X) is described. The proband showed severe generalized chorea, delayed motor development, subnormal intelligence, congenital hypothyroidism, bronchial asthma, and a history of pulmonary infection, all of which are characteristic features of Brain-Thyroid-Lung syndrome. On the other hand, her brother and mother showed a mi...

Betaine is used mainly in animal nutrition as a methyl group donor and may be used to replace choline chloride, which is generally regarded as hygroscopic and difficult to handle. In the past, betaine was obtained exclusively from sugar beet, today however, various chemically bound forms from different manufacturing processes are available. The biological properties (bioactivity) of the differe...

Molecular dynamics of metabolites are important for their interactions and functions. To understand the structural dependence of molecular dynamics for N-methylated glycines, we comprehensively measured the (13)C and (1)H spin-lattice relaxation times for sarcosine, N,N-dimethylglycine, betaine, and betaine hydrochloride over a temperature range of 178-460 K. We found that the reorientations of...

Betaine is donor of methyl groups and can partially replace methionine in diets for this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate three sources of betaine in partial substitution of methionine supplement in broiler diets. The Cobb-500 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments and 7 replicates of 49 birds each. The positive contr...

This work deals with the photophysics of novel pyridinium betaine based on 2-pyridin-1-yl-1H-benzimidazole (SBPa) substituted symmetrically by mono- (Th2SBPa) and bi-thiophene fragments (Th4SBPa). The study is based on a combination of steady-state, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic measurements supported by PCM-(TD)DFT calculations. It is found that the two step ICT process (S0 → ...

Benign hereditary chorea (BHC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an early-onset nonprogressive chorea. The early onset and the benign course distinguishes BHC from the more common Huntington disease (HD). Previous studies on families with BHC have shown that BHC and HD are not allelic. We studied a large Dutch kindred with BHC and obtained strong evidence for linkage between th...

The first betaine chloride tetrachloroidoferrate(III) double salt, (Hbet)2Cl[FeCl4] = (Hbet)Cl·(Hbet)[FeCl4], was obtained from a solution of betaine hydrochloride (HbetCl) and FeCl3·6 H2O in water. The crystal structure (orthorhombic, Pbcm, a = 6.2717(13), b = 12.841(3), c = 25.693(5) Å, Z = 4) is characterized by layers of tetrachloridoferrate(III) anions separated by chloride-bridged, H-bond...