Sandia National Laboratories, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the University of Iowa are collaborating to develop a performance model for bifacial PV modules. As with monofacial PV modules, a bifacial PV model consists of sequential operation of the component sub-models. Bifacial PV modules accept light on both their front and rear surfaces which presents a unique modeling challen...

Bifacial PV modules and systems deliver more energy than equivalent monofacial modules in the same orientation. However, bifacial performance models are not yet mature enough to predict bifacial gains for all system configurations. Field performance data is needed at a variety of different spatial scales in order to improve and validate these models. This paper reports on a number of bifacial f...

We present industrialized bifacial solar cells on large area (149 cm) 2 cm CZ monocrystalline silicon wafers processed with industrially relevant techniques such as liquid source BBr3 and POCl3 open-tube furnace diffusions, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) SiNx deposition, and screen printed contacts. The fundamental analysis of the paste using at boron-diffused surface and the...

Printable, wide band-gap chalcopyrite compound films (CuInGaS2, CIGS) were synthesized on transparent conducting oxide substrates. The wide band-gap and defective nature of the films reveal semi-transparent and bifacial properties that are beneficial for power generating window applications. Importantly, solar cell devices with these films demonstrate a synergistic effect for bifacial illuminat...

Bidirectional Dc–Dc Converters square measure accustomed Transfer the facility Between 2 Dc Sources in Either Direction. These Converters square measure wide utilized in Applications, like Hybrid electrical Vehicle Energy Systems, Uninterrupted Power provide, Fuel-Cell Hybrid Power Systems, electrical phenomenon Hybrid Power Systems, And Battery Charge. Several bifacial Dc–Dc Converters are res...

In the current work, we report a series of bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that provide power conversion efficiencies of more than 10% from bifacial irradiation. The device comprises an N719-sensitized TiO2 anode, a transparent nickel selenide (Ni-Se) alloy counter electrode (CE), and liquid electrolyte containing I(-)/I3(-) redox couples. Because of the high optical transparency, e...

The rules for casting maximum en,ergy on a cell placed in a static concentrator of minimum entry aperture are derived. A concentration o( 9.13 for collecting the direct sun~eam throughout the year and of 4.5 for collecting diffuse light are upper bounds when using practical ~! erials. Practical bifacial solar cells required to achieve ~hose figu: res are presented. A prototype of concentrator w...

New archaeological evidences of the so-called "Bactrian-Margiana Archaeological Complex" (= BMAC) has invited a change in our knowledge of the cultural relations between Oxus civilization and south-eastern Iran during the III-II millennium B.C. transition period. The new archaeological projects in southern and western Turkmenistan, as well as attested at Gonur Depe, have showed a wider and more...

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising solution to global energy and environmental problems because of its clean, low-cost, high efficiency, good durability, and easy fabrication. However, enhancing the efficiency of the DSSC still is an important issue. Here we devise a bifacial DSSC based on a transparent polyaniline (PANI) counter electrode (CE). Owing to the sunlight irradiation si...

Angiosperm leaves generally develop as bifacial structures with distinct adaxial and abaxial identities. However, several monocot species, such as iris and leek, develop unifacial leaves, in which leaf blades have only abaxial identity. In bifacial leaves, adaxial-abaxial polarity is required for leaf blade flattening, whereas many unifacial leaves become flattened despite their leaf blades bei...