Background: Based on the increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens, it is necessary to have various effective compounds, so as to prevent the proliferation of these pathogens. For this purpose, nano-materials such as bismuth oxide nanoparticles can be used.Objectives: The aim of this study was to produce bismuth oxide nanoparticles by Bacillus lichenifor...

Objective(S): The dangerous effects of X-ray have been elucidated by scientific studies in occupational health hygiene.  X-ray protective like an apron, thyroid shield and gloves have been made of lead (Pb) to protect against X-ray. However, such equipment makes a lot of safety and health problems such as toxicity, weight, inflexibility and troubles usage in a physician. To ove...

Introduction: The effects of X-rays on carcinogens have been proven in recent years. Today, lead is used in many devices such as lead covers, thyroid protectors to protect the body against x-rays. But this equipment contains many disadvantages such as, Toxicity, High weight and Lack of flexibility. Today, newer methods, such as semi-solid skin care products (cream, ointment), a...

I N T R O D U C T I O N Stabilised ~ bismuth oxide based systems form a new generation of compounds capable of improved performance in oxygen pump and oxygen sensor applications compared to the conventional stabilised zirconia based materials. The high temperature isomorph of bismuth oxide, the ~ phase, is an excellent oxygen ion conductor (I). This phase can be stabilised to room temperature b...

Multiresistance among microorganisms to common antimicrobials has become one of the most significant concerns in modern medicine. Nanomaterials are a new alternative to successfully treat the multiresistant microorganisms. Nanostructured materials are used in many fields, including biological sciences and medicine. Recently, it was demonstrated that the bactericidal activity of zero-valent bism...

A new method is presented for interpreting the Raman spectra of bismuth oxides. The method relies on empirical relations between bismuth-oxygen (Bi-0) bond lengths, bond strengths, and Raman stretching frequencies. A least-squares exponential fit of crystallographically determined Bi-0 bond lengths and Raman stretching frequencies is presented along with a relation between Bi-0 bond strengths, ...

Intensely yellow β -bismuth trioxide in the form of about 41 nm large crystallites has been prepared by thermal decomposition of (BiO)2CO3 at 400 ◦C. From the band gap energy of 2.3 eV obtained under the assumption of an indirect band-to-band transition and the quasi-Fermi level of −0.28± 0.02 V (vs. NHE) a valence band edge position of 2.02 V is calculated. This semiconducting oxide assists a ...