Generalized connectors provide the capability to connect a singte input to one or more outputs. Such networks play an important role in supporting any application that involves the dktribution of information from one source to many destinations or many sources to many destinations. We present the first analytic model for evaluating blocking probabdity in generalized connectors. The model altows...

Multicast is a vital operation in both broad-band integrated services digital networks (BISDN) and scalable parallel computers. In this paper we look into the issue of supporting multicast in the widely used three-stage Clos network or v(m; n; r) network. Previous work has shown that a nonblocking v(m;n; r) multicast network requires a much higher network cost than a v(m;n; r) permutation netwo...

Wavelength assignment algorithm is one of the important components of routing and wavelength assignments problem in WDM networks. This problem helps in the minimization of the blocking probability of the network. In this paper we have reviewed the wavelength assignment problem and discussed the history of this problem with a good literature review. Depending upon the literature and history of t...

In the obstructed tunnels, signal transmission will suffer risk of ray-path blocking caused by obstacles owing to Snell’s law. this letter, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can reflect electromagnetic waves any specific directions is introduced mitigate blocking. The closed-form expressions for probability (BP) one reflection with single RIS and multiple RISs under various scenario...

Increased Internet speeds together with new possibilities for tailor-made television services have spurred the interest in providing television via the Internet. Several television services are readily available and both IP-layer and application-layer (P2P) technologies are used. When disregarding commercial influences, customers will choose for IPTV or P2PTV based on the Quality of Experience ...

The quality of an optical signal degrades due to physical layer impairments as it propagates from source to destination. Due to this signal quality at the receiver or destination may be degraded, leading to increased call blocking. A performance indication of an All-Optical Network is the call blocking probability. The goal is to achieve a low overall blocking probability at an affordable cost ...