Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) catalyzes the conversion of cinnamate into 4-hydroxy-cinnamate, a key reaction of the phenylpropanoid pathway which leads to the biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites. C4H genes exist as a multigene family in various plant species. In order to understand the roles of individual C4H members, four C4H cDNAs (PtreC4H) were isolated from Populus tremuloides and...

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) converts trans-cinnamic acid (CA) to p-coumaric acid (COA) in the phenylpropanoid/lignin biosynthesis pathway. Earlier we reported increased expression of AaCYP71AV1 (an important gene of artemisinin biosynthesis pathway) caused by CA treatment in Artemisia annua. Hence, AaC4H gene was identified, cloned, characterized and silenced in A. annua with the assumption t...

Recent data showed that phenylpropanoid compound, methylchavicol is essential component of Iranian cultivars of basil. Studying their occurrence during development of plant may help to elucidate the role of phenylpropanoids in plant cell physiology. We followed the phenylpropanoids concentration and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis during growth and development of two culti...

We analyzed lignin content and composition in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines altered in the expression of the early phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H). The reduction of C4H activity by antisense expression or sense suppression resulted in reduced levels of Klason lignin, accompanied by a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl ...

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves a central role in plant metabolism, providing numerous compounds involved diverse physiological processes. Most carbon entering the is incorporated into lignin. Although several mutants show seedling growth arrest, for lignin and development unexplored. We use complementary pharmacological genetic approaches to block CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) functionality...

Two NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases (CPRs) from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were cloned, and the complete proteins were expressed and functionally identified in yeast. The two enzymes, designated CPR1 and CPR2, are 80% identical in amino acid sequence with one another and about 75% identical with CPRs from several other plant species. The mRNA accumulation patterns for CPR1 and CPR2 in...

recent data showed that phenylpropanoid compound, methylchavicol is essential component of iranian cultivars of basil. studying their occurrence during development of plant may help to elucidate the role of phenylpropanoids in plant cell physiology. we followed the phenylpropanoids concentration and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis during growth and development of two culti...

Evolution of the phenolic metabolism was critical for the transition of plants from water to land. A cytochrome P450, CYP73, with cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) activity, catalyzes the first plant-specific and rate-limiting step in this pathway. The CYP73 gene is absent from green algae, and first detected in bryophytes. A CYP73 duplication occurred in the ancestor of seed plants and was retaine...

We have isolated a cDNA for a cytochrome P450, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), of Arabidopsis thaliana using a C4H cDNA from mung been as a hybridization probe. The deduced amino acid sequence is 84.7% identical to that of mung bean C4H and therefore was designated CYP73A5. The CYP73A5 protein was expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system and when reconstituted with lipid...

Metabolic channeling has been proposed to occur at the entry point into plant phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. To determine whether isoforms of L-Phe ammonia-lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the pathway, can associate with the next enzyme, the endomembrane-bound cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), to facilitate channeling, we generated transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants independently express...