Background: Breast cancer is formed of a neoplastic component (epithelial) and a non-neoplastic component (stroma). Stromal- stromal and tumor- stromal interactions have been shown in the regulation of cancer cell growth, metastatic capacity and outcome of treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a component of tumor stroma reactionsand are considered as an important ...

CD68 is a member of the lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP) family that is restricted in its expression to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. This lineage restriction includes osteoclasts, and, while previous studies of CD68 in macrophages and dendritic cells have proposed roles in lipid metabolism, phagocytosis, and antigen presentation, the expression and function of CD68 in os...

AIM The lack of potent innate immune responses during HCV infection might lead to a delay in initiating adaptive immune responses. Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (CD68+ cells) are essential to establish effective anti-HCV responses. They express co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86. CD86 upregulation induces activator responses that are then potentially regu...

background: endometriosis is a disease that is hard to diagnose without the gold standard method, laparoscopy. an easier diagnostic method is needed. objective: the aim of the study is to determine whether the number of macrophage cells in the endometrium and/or the detection of nerve fibers can be used in the diagnosis of endometriosis. materials and methods: endometrial sampling was done to 3...

Background & Objective: To study the immunophenotype of prostate cancer (PC) with the presence and absence of intraluminal inclusions (IIn), depending on the grade score. Methods: A total of 30 PC samples with IIn (group E) and 30 PC samples without them (group C) were studied. These groups were divided into 2 subgroups, depending on the grade of malignan...

Although mouse liver F4/80(+) Kupffer cells consist of cytokine-producing CD11b(+) cells and phagocytic CD68(+) cells, an undefined CD11b(-) CD68(-) subset (30%) also exists. We herein demonstrate a more fundamental classification by adding CD32 (FcγRII), which covers most liver F4/80(+) cells and the distinct functions of them. Among the F4/80(+) cells, 50%, 40%, and 30% of cells were CD32(+),...

Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) has increased over the last few decades. The reaction of the host immune system to these tumors remains biologically complex. Here, we investigated CD68+ macrophage numbers, reporting the prognostic value in comparison to other risk factors. We also examined CD68+ macrophage infiltration during disea...

OBJECTIVE The relationship between inflammation, obesity, and adverse metabolic conditions is associated with adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). This study compared the measurements of human ATM using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of ATM markers. METHODS A new software program (AMCounter) was evaluated to help measure ATM using IHC...