Carduus nutans L. is a biennial plant which is belonging to Asteraceae family known as musk or nodding thistle commonly. Carduus species includes different active ingredients like essential oil, resin, tannin, fatty oil, starch, flavonolignans, polyacetylenes. Importance of phytochemistry and chemical ecology researches increase gradually. The fat extraction was carried out by Soxhlet method wi...

In order to combat the growing problems associated with biological invasions, many researchers have focused on identifying which communities are most vulnerable to invasion by exotic species. However, once established, invasive species can significantly change the composition of the communities that they invade. The first step to disentangling the direction of causality is to discern whether a ...

Four flower-color phenotypes were observed in a population of musk thistle (Carduus tboermeri Weinm.). This plant has been commonly referred to as C. nutans L. The four phenotypes were: purple corolla and purple pollen, pink corolla and white pollen, white corolla and purple pollen, and white corolla and white pollen. In four generations, 177 self-pollinated individuals of these four phenotypes...