Columns made of three different materials were evaluated with regard to the carryover of phosphorylated peptides and fumonisins in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In order to eliminate carryover caused by the injection operation in the autosampler, the column carryover was calculated using the duplicated solvent gradient method. A column made of a glass-lined stainles...

We consider a variant of the usual model for crossover designs with carryover e ects. Instead of assuming that the carryover e ect of a treatment is the same regardless of the treatment in the next period, the model assumes that the carryover e ect of a treatment on itself is di erent from the carryover e ect on other treatments. For the traditional model optimal designs tend to have pairs of c...

In this paper, the absorbent carryover effect in a designed counter-flow enthalpy exchanger is investigated. In a built prototype of the liquid desiccant dehumidifier, air and the absorbent solution are in contact and flow through a packed multi-channel polymer tower in a counter-flow pattern. To avoid the absorbent carryover, the tower is equipped with an eliminator. Experimental measurements ...

In many flowering plants individual fruits contain a mixture of half- and full- siblings, reflecting pollination by several fathers. To better understand the mechanisms generating multiple paternity within fruits we present a theoretical framework linking pollen carryover with patterns of pollinator movement. This 'sire profile' model predicts that species with more extensive pollen carryover w...

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a winter annual weed that presents a serious obstacle to rangeland restoration in the Intermountain West. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors regulating the size and persistence of cheatgrass carryover seed banks on semiarid sites in western Utah. We prevented current-year seed production in each of four habitats, then tallied emerging seedling...

By studying a unique data set from a motor vehicle manufacturer, we find that carryover parts, common parts used in successive generations of multi-generational products, are a major source of quality problems, contrary to conventional wisdom. Moreover, the failure rate of carryover parts grows from one generation to the next, a phenomenon known as the carryover spike. Motivated by these result...

This paper thoroughly reviews the mechanism of veterinary drug carryover in feed manufacturing facilities, factors resulting varying concentrations processing equipment, impact chemical and physical properties drugs, effect equipment type design. The Google Scholar database (from 1998 to 2023) was searched with words phrases such as carryover, manufacturing, cleaning validation, food allergen c...

The goal of this research was to assess the effect of syllable structure and stop place on the strength of bidirectional coarticulation in VCV utterances. Frequencies of F2 transitions were measured at VC and CV boundaries in open (V.CV) and closed (VC.V) syllable forms in five speakers of American English. Medial stops varied across place and voicing (/bpdtgk/). Carryover and anticipatory coar...

A relatively slow transition has occurred from so-called 1st-generation thyrotropin (TSH) assays (e.g., RIAs) through 2nd-generation assays (e.g., IRMAs) to 3rd-generation assays (e.g., immunochemiluminometric assays). Analysis of data from a modified internal quality-control design, followed up by a computer simulation, showed that specimen carryover has minimal effect on 2nd-generation TSH as...

A two-stage statistical procedure based on Dunnett's multiple comparison procedures with a control has been developed for detecting interassay carryover biases on the Abbott AxSYM(TM) System, a random- and continuous-access immunoanalyzer. With this procedure, every potential source of interassay carryover can be tested and estimated. In minimizing required sample sizes, the first stage is used...