neopterin, apyrazinopyrimidine compound, is produced by macrophages after induction by interferon gamma (ifn-y) and serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation followed by oxidative stress. the aim of this study was to determine urinary neopterin to creatinine ratio (uncr) as a surrogate marker of cell-mediated immune activation in multiple sclerosis (ms). three weekly early morning...

background and aims: rubella is predominantly a childhood disease that is endemic throughout the world and when rubella outbreaks occur, they are accompanied by birth defects following congenital rubella syndrome. immunity to rubella virus as a teratogenic agent has an important role for prevention of these serious congenital defects. lymphocyte proliferation assay is a way for investigation of...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the oral consumption of guggulplant resin on the performance and humoral immunity response of broiler chicks. for doing this experiment, 320 one-day old chicks of the cobb 500 strains, in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates were used. experimental diets include: control diet (without the guggul), control die...

results before boosting, among 176 boosted individuals, 75 (42.6%) had hbsab 10 iu/l and were considered seroprotected. among 101 serosusceptible persons, more than 80% of boosted individuals showed more than twofold increase in cytokines concentration, which meant positive hbsag-specific cell-mediated immunity. mcl of both cytokines after boosting in giv were decreased more than twofold, possi...

Processed antigen reacts selectively with lymphocytes bearing .appropriate surface immunoglobulin molecules resulting in the clonal proliferation of these cells, produc­ing circulating immunoglobulin (humoral immunity) or non-circulating immunoglobulins (cellular immunity).  High levels of circulating immunoglobulins (lgM & lgG) occur in protozoa and helminths infections. Reaginic antibodies a...

Single-cell sequencing has scientific impacts on better understanding immunity. There is rapid development in single cell-based databases and analytic tools to provide the potential for clinical translational discovery. The of single-cell-based immunity needs a strong program solid evidence preclinical validation evaluation. current special topic issue cell aimed communication progress studies ...

background: tuberculosis (tb) remains an important health problem throughout the world. despite its significance in public health, mechanisms of protective immunity against mycobacyerium tuberculosis in humans have not yet been understood. objective: to evaluate cell mediated immune response against purified ag 85, ppd and phytohemagglutinin (pha) in patients with tuberculosis and healthy tuber...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important health problem throughout the world. Despite its significance in public health, mechanisms of protective immunity against Mycobacyerium Tuberculosis in humans have not yet been understood. Objective: To evaluate cell mediated immune response against purified Ag 85, PPD and Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in patients with tuberculosis and healthy tuber...

bordetella pertussis infects the respiratory tract of the human host and causes whooping cough in children. the nature of immunity against bordetella pertussis infection and disease is poorly understood. the aim of this study was to investigate cell mediated immunity in mice immunized with outer membrane component of cell wall, of b. pertussis. a group of mice were immunized with outer membrane...