recently, a renewed interest arises in the application of nanotechnology for the upstream petroleum industry. in particular, adding nanoparticles to fluids may drastically benefit enhanced oil recovery and improve well drilling, by changing the properties of the fluid, rocks wettability alteration, advanced drag reduction, strengthening the sand consolidation, reducing the inter-facial tension and...

We present a method to predict products, transition states, and reaction paths of unimolecular chemical reactions such as dissociation or rearrangement reactions of small to medium sized molecules. The method thus provides the necessary input for established procedures to compute barrier heights and reaction rates, which conventionally have to be assumed heuristically. The method is an extensio...

INTRODUCTION Flooding accounts for about 40 per cent of all natural disasters that occur worldwide. In 2002-2003 many counties in England experienced severe floods. Floods are particularly important in public health terms as they may have multiple environmental consequences. METHODS Details of floods reported to Chemical Hazards and Poisons Division, London [CHaPD(L)] were analysed and a lite...

In this paper, taking account of the major physical and chemical mechanisms, such as: for polymer, shearing propertypermeability reduction, adsorption, inaccessible porous volumes, for gel, gelation speed, water viscosity changing with gel, permeability reduction, adsorption and retention in reservoir rocks, a three-dimensional, three-phase (oleic, vapor, aqueous) and six-component mathematical...

A great deal of attention has recently been focused upon "enhanced oil recovery"; that is, the application of recently developed processes for recovering oil that would normally remain in a reservoir following depletion by conventional techniques. Since this heretofore unrecoverable remaining oil amounts to about 300 billion barrels in the U.S. alone (see Figure 1), one can see why enhanced rec...

Wettability alteration has been a sophisticated issue for scientists and reservoir engineers since early 20th century; thus, many investigations have been carried out to determine wettability and enhance it to ideal conditions, which leads to improvement in oil recovery. Dilute surfactant flooding has been approved as one of the noteworthy methods in chemical flooding. Several petroleum reservo...

Abstract: Enhanced foam flooding is a chemical flooding technology, which is applied to improve the recovery efficiency of oil and gas. The oil displacement agent of enhanced foam flooding is a foam that the polymer and surfactant solution as liquid. In this paper, three-dimensional mathematical model of unsteady flow is established about enhanced foam system in the porous media, and the numeri...