the effect of chloride ions concentration on the electrochemical behavior of aisi 410 stainless steel in thesimulated concrete pore (0.1 m naoh + 0.1 m koh) solution was investigated by various electrochemicalmethods such as potentiodynamic polarization, mott–schottky analysis and electrochemical impedancespectroscopy (eis). potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that increasing chloride ...

chloride ion ingress in concrete is the main reason of concrete corrosion. in real world both uncertainty and stochasticity are main attributes of almost all measurements including testing and modeling of chloride content profile in concrete. regarding these facts new models should be able to represent at least some of the uncertainties in the predictions. in this paper after inspiration from c...

The light-driven inward chloride ion-pumping rhodopsin Nonlabens marinus rhodopsin-3 (NM-R3), from a marine flavobacterium, belongs to a phylogenetic lineage distinct from the halorhodopsins known as archaeal inward chloride ion-pumping rhodopsins. NM-R3 and halorhodopsin have distinct motif sequences that are important for chloride ion binding and transport. In this study, we present the cryst...

background: salt content and ph degree are the quality indicators of bread which their unauthorized levels may have harmful effects on body health. accordingly, this survey was carried out to evaluate ph and salt contents in bread samples produced in mashhad, iran. methods: totally 708 bread samples (340 loaves of lavash, 183 loaves of taftun, 139 loaves of barbari and 46 loaves of sangak bread...

Aqueous chloride solutions are ubiquitous and diverse; systems include sea water, atmospheric droplets, geological processes and biological organisms. However, despite considerable effort, a complete microscopic model of the hydration shell, and local electronic structure of the aqueous chloride ion and its dynamics has not been established. In this work we employ ab initio molecular dynamics t...

tin(ii)-ion-selective electrode consisting of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (db18c6) as an ionophore inpvc matrix was developed. the influences of membrane composition, selectivity, response time,reversibility and temperature on the electrode performance were investigated. the electrodeshowed a near nernstian response for sn2+ ions over a concentration range from 1.0× 10-6 – 1.0× 10-2 m with a slope of 27...

changes of ions (na+, cr, k+), osmolarity and water concentration of body tissue, size and number of gill chloride cells as well as mortality percentage of the juveniles caspian roaches in weight groups of0.2, 0.5 & 1g water satiny stress were studied. the salinities tested  were 0 (fesh water), 7, 12.5 & 16g/lit and the assessments were completed 0, 12, 24, 48 & 72 hours after exposure. result...

deterioration of concrete structures in the gulf region is a serious problem. penetration of chloride ion into concrete is responsible for such early deterioration. determination of chloride diffusion coefficient is an effective way to predict the service life of concrete structures. in order to investigate the performance of concrete mixtures in such environments, ordinary and silica fume conc...

An integrated bioleaching system (stable pH-silver ion-chloride ion) was firstly proposed to for improving the efficiency of chalcopyrite bioleaching by mixed strains of Acidithiobacillus. The individual effects of stable pH, silver ion, and chloride ion on bioleaching were respectively studied. The highest copper ion concentrations in each system were 45.8, 50.2, and 45.2 mg/l, respectively, w...