shigellosis is one of the important gastrointestinal bacterial infections, particularly among children of developing countries such as iran. antibiotic susceptibility pattern and genetic typing for epidemiological purposes are of significant issues in shigella infectious control. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic relationship among shigella strai...

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in world. Rh, NED and Me49 are of the most prevalent clonal types of the parasite isolated till now. Differences in pathogenicity and virulence of different types have been investigated in different studies. No controlled study was performed to compare the ability of different types to initiate humoral immune response. We inves...

to improve commercial grapevine cultivars, it is necessary to apply such methods that by cultivation of a certain number of vines in a certain area, higher yield could be harvested. to achieve such a goal, healthy stocks with resistant to pests and diseases, high fructification and high quality of vines are needed. all these properties can be obtained successfully through clonal selection. viti...

the integration of an approximate model and a clonal selection algorithm (csa) is considered to one of the most effective ways to solve complex optimization design problems in engineering. in this study, first, a process for developing an approximate model and the principles of clonal selection algorithms were presented. then, a variotherm temperature injection mold used to produce a large liqu...

toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in world. rh, ned and me49 are of the most prevalent clonal types of the parasite isolated till now. differences in pathogenicity and virulence of different types have been investigated in different studies. no controlled study was performed to compare the ability of different types to initiate humoral immune response. we inves...

micropropagated plantlets derived from three different grape rootstock genotypes namely, dogridge (vitis champini), so4 (v. berlandieri×v. rupestris) and ari-h-144 (v. vinifera×v. labrusca) were subjected to randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and inter simple sequence repeats (issr) analyses in order to evaluate their genetic stability and/or detect likely existing variations among in vi...

conclusions our results illustrated the presence of clonal groups of highly gentamicin-resistant strains of mrsa in hospitals in tehran. the php typing method provided useful information for both clonal dissemination and determining the epidemiological links of the clonal groups of the mrsa strains. materials and methods a total of 301 s. aureus isolates were collected during january to novembe...