The Drosophila kinesin-family protein Costal 2 (Cos2) and its mammalian ortholog Kif7 play dual roles in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. In theabsenceofHh,Cos2andKif7 contribute toproteolytic processing and silencing of the Hh-regulated transcription factors, Drosophila Cubitus interruptus (Ci) andmammalianGli proteins. Cos2 andKif7 are also necessary for full activation of full-length Ci-155 and Gli ...

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway initiates an evolutionarily conserved developmental program required for the proper patterning of many tissues [1]. Although Costal2 (Cos2) is a requisite component of the Hh pathway, its mechanistic role is not well understood. Because of its primary sequence, Cos2 was initially predicted to function as a kinesin-like protein [2]. However, evidence showing t...

The Drosophila kinesin-family protein Costal 2 (Cos2) and its mammalian ortholog Kif7 play dual roles in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. In theabsenceofHh,Cos2andKif7 contribute toproteolytic processing and silencing of the Hh-regulated transcription factors, Drosophila Cubitus interruptus (Ci) andmammalianGli proteins. Cos2 andKif7 are also necessary for full activation of full-length Ci-155 and Gli ...

OBJECTIVE This study is to evaluate the anti-obese effects of glucosamine (GLC) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on high-fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into twelve groups: a normal diet group (NF), a high-fat diet group (HF), Orlistat group, GLC high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (GLC-H, GLC-M, GLC-L), COS1 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤1000) h...

The Hedgehog (HH) signaling proteins control cell fates and patterning during animal development. In Drosophila, HH protein induces the transcription of target genes encoding secondary signals such as DPP and WG proteins by opposing a repressor system. The repressors include Costal2, protein kinase A, and the HH receptor Patched. Like HH, the kinase Fused and the transcription factor Cubitus in...

We synthesized single-phase CoS2 on a large scale by adding graphene oxide of sufficient quantity via the hydrothermal method using cobalt acetate and thioacetamide as precursors; this produced the hybrid of CoS2 with reduced graphene oxide which exhibited high electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction.

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling activates full-length Ci/Gli family transcription factors and prevents Ci/Gli proteolytic processing to repressor forms. In the absence of Hh, Ci/Gli processing is initiated by direct Pka phosphorylation. Despite those fundamental similarities between Drosophila and mammalian Hh pathways, the differential reliance on cilia and some key signal transduction components had ...

We propose a simple but useful parametrization of the flavor composition of ultrahigh-energy neutrino fluxes produced from distant astrophysical sources: φe : φμ : φτ = sin 2 ξ cos2 ζ : cos2 ξ cos2 ζ : sin ζ. We show that it is possible to determine or constrain ξ and ζ by observing two independent neutrino flux ratios at the second-generation neutrino telescopes, provided three neutrino mixing...

Featuring high electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity, transition metal sulfides are promising materials for the positive electrode of hybrid supercapacitors. However, considering their poor cycling life rate performance, critical challenges remain. In this contribution, we describe hollow NiS2/CoS2@C composites obtained by stepwise etching, annealing, sulfuration ZIF-67. Specific...

The bare surface of BiVO4 photoanode usually suffers from extremely low interfacial charge transfer efficiency which leads to a significantly suppressed photoelectrochemical water splitting performance. Various strategies, including modification and the loading co-catalysts, facilitate interface process in BiVO4. In this study, we demonstrate that CoS2 synthesized hydrothermal method can be use...