Capacity and efficiency of any refrigerating system diminish rapidly as the difference between the evaporating and condensing temperature is increased by a reduction in the evaporator temperature. The single stage vapour compression refrigeration system using various refrigerants are limited to an evaporator temperature of -40 0C. Below temperature of -40 0C the either cascade refrigeration sys...

Optimal collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are prerequisites for standardisation and reproducibility of assessments. The present study aimed to assess reproducibility of EBC volume, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), 8-isoprostane and cytokine measurements using different condensers, including a newly developed glass condenser. At four points in time, 30 healthy subjects perf...

Ammonia refrigeration systems typically offer many energy efficiency opportunities because of their large power-draw, long runtimes and dynamic operation. Ammonia refrigeration system energy use is highly dependent upon condensing head pressure, which in turn is a function of evaporative condenser capacity and control. This paper investigates the relationship between system energy use, condense...

Capacity and efficiency of any refrigerating system diminish rapidly as the difference between the evaporating and condensing temperature is increased by reduction in the evaporator temperature. The single stage vapour compression refrigeration system is limited to an evaporator temperature of -40 C. Below temperature of -40 C the either cascade refrigeration system or multi stage vapour compre...

The paper presents an analysis of relations describing entropy generation in a condenser of a steam unit. Connections between entropy generation, condenser ratio, and heat exchanger effectiveness, as well as relations implied by them are shown. Theoretical considerations allowed to determine limits of individual parameters which describe the condenser operation. Various relations for average te...

This paper presents experimental results from a prototype of a microchannel heat exchanger used in a residential air-conditioning system as an air-cooled condenser. The main objectives were to analyze effects of the microchannel condenser on system performance. The commercially available system that utilizes a condenser with a round tube and plate fins was experimentally evaluated first, then t...

This paper presents the detailed design and analysis of an asymmetric fin tube condenser. And the heat transfer performance of the asymmetric fin tube condenser is simulated with the fluent software. Based on the simulation results, an optimal model of the asymmetric-finned tube condenser is designed. The actual model is experimentally studied on air conditioners and contrasted with the symmetr...

We propose and demonstrate a compact, alignment-free dark-field microscopy technique, termed as organic light-emitting-diode-based plasmonic dark-field microscopy. Experimental results show that it is capable of forming dark-field images of the specimens utilizing a highly integrated chip-scale plasmonic condenser. This technique has high z resolution and high imaging contrast and is suitable f...

Condenser is one of the important auxiliary equipments in nuclear power plants. The thermal efficiency of the entire unit was depended on the condenser performance. Cleanliness factor and condenser corrected pressure are the two most important evaluation indexes. The definition and derivation of these two evaluation indexes were elaborated and clarified in this paper. And the condenser performa...

The heat transfer performance of vapor-condenser has been studied under different temperature of cold trap and different thickness of the frost layer in this paper. The relationship between dimensionless number and is obtained. The results show that the capturing efficiency of cold trap increases with the decrease of the surface temperature of vapor-condenser. The frost accumulated on the surfa...