because of the dispersion of activities in big cities, employing highways as the most important connecting way is indispensable. in today world, highways are connection arteries of cities transporting people to their social activities. because of continual use of highway, their walls prepare a context for conveying many social, cultural, economic, etc concepts. that is why most economic promoti...

Because of the dispersion of activities in big cities, employing highways as the most important connecting way is indispensable. In today world, highways are connection arteries of cities transporting people to their social activities. Because of continual use of highway, their walls prepare a context for conveying many Social, Cultural, Economic, etc concepts. That is why most economic promoti...

We present a statistical machine translation model that uses hierarchical phrases—phrases that contain subphrases. The model is formally a synchronous context-free grammar but is learned from a parallel text without any syntactic annotations. Thus it can be seen as combining fundamental ideas from both syntax-based translation and phrase-based translation. We describe our system’s training and ...

People create morphs, a special type of fake alternative names, to achieve certain communication goals such as expressing strong sentiment or evading censors. For example, “Black Mamba”, the name for a highly venomous snake, is a morph that Kobe Bryant created for himself due to his agility and aggressiveness in playing basketball games. This paper presents the first end-to-end context-aware en...

An algorithm for decoding commands spoken in an intelligent environment through iterative vocabulary reduction is presented. Current research in the field of speech recognition focuses primarily on the optimization of algorithms for single pass decoding using large vocabularies. While this is ideal for processing conversational speech, alternative methods should be explored for different domain...

Context-sensitive speech recognizers use environment or discourse information to influence language model probabilities used in speech decoding. This is usually done by switching language models between utterances. This paper explores the use of a continuously context-sensitive language model that uses incremental interpretation to update context at every time step in decoding. Because it only ...

BACKGROUND Codon usage and codon-pair context are important gene primary structure features that influence mRNA decoding fidelity. In order to identify general rules that shape codon-pair context and minimize mRNA decoding error, we have carried out a large scale comparative codon-pair context analysis of 119 fully sequenced genomes. METHODOLOGIES/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have developed mathemat...