Received May 9, 1991; revised manuscript received February 14, 1992; accepted February 25, 1992 The mismatch in the number of degrees of freedom supported by volume holograms and the boundary fields that control them limits the dynamic range of recorded holograms. For holograms controlled by using fractal sampling grids, the maximum dynamic range falls inversely with the minimum number of expos...

There are many organic ions inside the cell which do not leak out of the cell membrane. This creates excess osmotic pressure for the inside of the cell. Since the membrane is permeable to water and is not mechanically strong enough to withstand significant osmotic pressure differences, the cell cannot maintain its volume and will tend to burst. Depending on the organism, there are three ways to...

[This corrects the article on p. 217 in vol. 11, PMID: 25709464.].