This study concerns the evaluation of natural gum copal and gum damar as novel sustained release matrix forming materials in tablet formulation. Along with the physicochemical properties, gum copal and gum damar were characterized for molecular weight, polydispersity index and glass transition temperature. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using isopropyl alcohol as a gr...

Metformin hydrochloride has relatively short plasma half-life, low absolute bioavailability. The need for the administration two to three times a day when larger doses are required can decrease patient compliance. Sustained release formulation that would maintain plasma level for 8-12 h might be sufficient for daily dosing of metformin. Sustained release products are needed for metformin to pro...

Paliperidone is a well known dopamine antagonist of the atypical antipsychotic class. In the present study Paliperidone was formulated as ER release tablets using natural and synthetic polymers separately or in combination. The aim of ER release formulation is to reduce the frequency of dosing. Tablets are prepared by direct compression method. The optimized formulations contain Paliperidone as...

Automated sphygmomanometers should be evaluated in field studies before being recommended for epidemiological use. In this study an automated sphygmomanometer, the Copal UA-231, was evaluated on the basis of duplicate blood pressure measurements, one with this machine and one with a Hawksley random zero machine, taken on 1536 participants in a health survey. The Copal-random zero differences ha...

A new extant Donuea (Liocranidae) species is described from Madagascar, from both alcohol preserved fresh material and also as a subfossil in copal from the Sambava area. X-ray micro computed tomography was used to visualise minute details of the male palp of the copal specimen in order to confirm conspecificity. This is the first time a new spider species discovered in Madagascan copal can imm...

Copal is the Spanish word used to describe aromatic resins from several genera of plants. Mexican copal derives from several Bursera spp., Protium copal, some Pinus spp. (e.g., P. pseudostrobus) and a few Fabaceae spp. It has been used for centuries as incense for religious ceremonies, as a food preservative, and as a treatment for several illnesses. The aim of this review is to analyze the che...

AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal leakage of Class II amalgam restorations whose preparations were lined with a resin-based desensitizing agent, a self-etching adhesive system, and copal varnish. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifty-six freshly extracted human premolar teeth were divided into four groups. A Class II preparation was prepared with only a proximal box on the mesia...

Amber and copal are renowned for preserving insects and other inclusions with lifelike fidelity. However, due to their frozenin-time nature, they are taxonomically subequal to Recent insects, which commonly require dissection in order to identify them to species level. This can be overcome to a degree through digital dissection using computed tomography, but this technique is time consuming, ex...