A major role is played in the layout and evaluation of any empirical wireless structure to manifest is the goal of this paper that counterfeit mode architectures affect counterfeit conduct, regarding structure accomplishment metrics, essentially and therefore, the excellent architecture should be explored in order to accomplish the most accurate and reliable results. It is found that the most a...

Counterfeit electronics have been reported in a wide range of products, including computers, telecommunications equipment, automobiles, avionics and military systems. Counterfeit electronic products include everything from very inexpensive capacitors and resistors to costly microprocessors to servers. This paper describes the counterfeit electronic products problem, and discusses the implicatio...

PURPOSE Counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose risks domestically. Because of their cost, cancer pharmaceuticals are vulnerable. We review findings from a domestic counterfeiting episode involving erythropoietin and outline anticounterfeiting recommendations for policy makers, patients, and health care professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was obtained on patients who received counterfei...

INTRODUCTION In recent years, with the advances in counterfeiting methods, counterfeit products have reached the dental market. The purpose of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of original and counterfeit rotary root canal instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cyclic fatigue of original and counterfeit ProTaper F2 endodontic instruments was tested (n = 20) in 3 mm radiu...

Genuine U.S. Federal Reserve Notes have a consistent, two-component intrinsic fluorescence lifetime. This allows for detection of counterfeit paper money because of its significant differences in fluorescence lifetime when compared to genuine paper money. We used scanning two-photon laser excitation and the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method to sample a approximately 4 mm(2) ...

Counterfeit medicines are a global public health risk. We assess counterfeit reports involving the legitimate supply chain using 2009-2011 data from the Pharmaceutical Security Institute Counterfeit Incident System (PSI CIS) database that uses both open and nonpublic data sources. Of the 1,510 identified CIS reports involving counterfeits, 27.6% reported China as the source country of the incid...

We give optimal solutions to all versions of the popular counterfeit coin problem obtained by varying whether (i) we know if the counterfeit coin is heavier or lighter than the genuine ones, (ii) we know if the counterfeit coin exists, (iii) we have access to additional genuine coins, and (iv) we need to determine if the counterfeit coin is heavier or lighter than the genuine ones. Moreover, ou...

Last month 45 countries took part in the internet-based campaign Operation Pangea III to tackle online counterfeit drug crime. As a result, regulators recovered thousands of illicit and counterfeit drugs valued at US$2·6 million, 76 people were arrested across the globe, 694 website investigations were opened, and 290 illegal websites have already been shut down. The operation involved several ...

AIM to quantify the extent of counterfeit sildenafil in Indonesia. METHODS the study was conducted in 4 big areas: Jakarta, Bandung, East Java (Surabaya and Malang), and Medan. Sildenafil 100 mg tablets were purchased from pharmacies, drugstores, street peddlers, and 3 Indonesian websites. The outlets were chosen by random sampling in each stratum (type of outlet). Sildenafil tablets purchase...

Chromatographic fingerprints recorded for a set of genuine and counterfeit samples of Viagra(®) and Cialis(®) were evaluated for their use in the detection and classification of counterfeit samples of these groups of medicines. Therefore several exploratory chemometric techniques were applied to reveal structures in the data sets as well as differences among the samples. The focus was on the di...