The “Ice Silk Road” is an effective extension of China’s “One Belt, One initiative. construction the and development utilization polar waterways urgently need equipment support ships. Nowadays, design cruise ships has gradually become a hot spot, but there still lot room for such Based on relevant requirements BV classification society IACS, this article analyzes current situation cruises’ stru...

Mandatory or voluntary reductions in ship speed are a common management strategy for reducing deleterious encounters between large ships and large whales. This has produced strong resistance from shipping and marine transportation entities, in part because very few studies have empirically demonstrated whether or to what degree ship speed influences ship-whale encounters. Here we present the re...

Travel by sea is one of the earliest forms of transportation. From ancient times to the present, people have traveled by ship for purposes of food obtainment, trade of goods, conquest, employment, and leisure. Before ships were built large enough to take long ocean voyages, the most relevant medical problems included drownings, injuries, and attacks by alligators, sharks, whales, or other sea c...

INTRODUCTION For centuries, oceanographers have relied on data and observations about the ocean and the seafl oor below gathered from ships during cruises of limited duration. This expeditionary research approach has resulted in major advances in understanding global ocean circulation, the energy associated with mesoscale circulation, plate tectonics, global ocean productivity, and climate-ocea...

A main goal of a Ship Of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) is the provision of temperature profiles in near real time. The use of commercial ships and expandable probes allows the reduction of costs, in comparison with research ship cruises. A major cost effectiveness is achieved using an automated multiple launcher, requiring minimum personnel effort. A multiple launcher, developed in the framework...

Antarctica is one of the last great wilderness areas on Earth. Early Antarctic expeditions during Heroic Age discovery (1895–1922) returned reports frostbite, scurvy, snow blindness, and death. Today, over 50,000 people travel to each year via research expeditions, commercial cruise ships (tourism), cruises. This study reviewed existing reporting health challenges encountered modern day Antarct...

In 2002, a sharp increase in outbreaks of norovirus-associated illness, both on cruise ships and on land, encouraged us to examine the molecular epidemiology of detected noroviruses, to identify a common strain or source. Of 14 laboratory-confirmed outbreaks on cruise ships, 12 (86%) were attributed to caliciviruses; among these 12, outbreak characteristics included continuation on successive c...