We have observed 2D protein crystallization under conditions where in the absence of flow, crystallization fails to occur. Even under conditions where crystallization does occur in quiescent systems, we have found that flow can accelerate the crystallization process. By interrogating the flow responsible for this enhanced crystallization, we have correlated the enhancement with large shear in t...

Salt crystallization can severely damage anisotropic foliated rocks, therefore it is necessary to have an understanding of crystallization process. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of salt crystallization on Arakʾs calcareous slates, as anisotropic rocks of Mesozoic. To compare salt crystallization weathering (EN 12370 norm was used up to 30 cycles) with natural weather...

in this investigation we synthesized nax-nanozeolite by hydrothermal crystallization conditions.these nanoparticles were prepared at different conditions in a temperature controlled shaker. thesynthesized zeolites were characterized by instrumental analysis methods, such as x-raydiffraction (xrd), x-ray fluorescence (xrf), scanning electron microscopy (sem) andtransmission electron microscopy (...

Cefradine crystallization was studied under different conditions. The optimal conditions for crystallization were: dissolving temperature, 15°C; initial temperature in crystallization, 30°C; cooling temperature in crystallization, 0°C; and adding 1,2-propanediol as adjuvant agent with a volume ratio 0.2 of water solution. The yield of cefradine crystallization is about 92% under these condition...

Large-scale screening of hundreds or even thousands of crystallization conditions while with low sample consumption is in urgent need, in current structural biology research. Here we describe a fully-automated droplet robot for nanoliter-scale crystallization screening that combines the advantages of both automated robotics technique for protein crystallization screening and the droplet-based m...

Protein crystallization is a major bottleneck in protein X-ray crystallography, the workhorse of most structural proteomics projects. Because the principles that govern protein crystallization are too poorly understood to allow them to be used in a strongly predictive sense, the most common crystallization strategy entails screening a wide variety of solution conditions to identify the small su...

Recent efforts to collect and mine crystallization data from structural genomics (SG) consortia have led to the identification of minimal screens and novel screening strategies that can be used to streamline the crystallization process. Two groups, the Joint Center for Structural Genomics and the University of Toronto, carried out large-scale crystallization trials on different sets of bacteria...

Many soluble proteins crystallize in conditions where their second virial coefficient takes on slightly negative values, known as the crystallization slot, allowing the possibility to screen for crystallizability by measuring virial coefficients. Here we measure virial coefficients for the membrane protein CLC-ec1, which has been crystallized. These virial coefficients reveal that CLC-ec1 cryst...

MOTIVATION Membrane proteins are known to play crucial roles in various cellular functions. Information about their function can be derived from their structure, but knowledge of these proteins is limited, as their structures are difficult to obtain. Crystallization has proved to be an essential step in the determination of macromolecular structure. Unfortunately, the bottleneck is that the cry...

The crystallization of a new macromolecule is still very much a trial-and-error process. As is well known, it requires the search of a large parameter space of experimental settings to find the relatively few idiosyncratic conditions that lead to diffraction-quality crystals. Crystallographers have developed a variety of screens to help identify initial crystallization conditions, including tho...