Within a tumor, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) exists and own similar characteristics of normal stem cell thus contributing towards aggressiveness cancer by playing crucial role in tumor recurrence metastasis capability. Various studies have been conducted to therapeutically target CSCs. One the approaches include is inhibit cycle progression last two decades various components its regulation firmly ...

Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) is a member of the CDK family proteins (CDK) and critical for cancer development. Years study into CDK12 have generated much information regarding intricacy its function mechanism as well inhibitors against it oncological research. However, there remains lack understanding role in carcinogenesis prevention. An exhaustive comprehension will highly stim...

Objective: Cyclin D1 is an essential protein that acts as a mitogenic sensor. In this manuscript, we discuss the importance of cyclin in oncology and cardio-oncology, challenge prognostic therapeutic response values to figure out if it can be beneficial marker. We also agents microRNAs used potential approach via regulating expression cardio-oncology. Discussion: Clinical significance defined n...

Cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs) play vital role in gene expression and cell cycle regulation. CDKs require cyclin binding activity, phosphorylation through CDK activating kinase (CAK), Cdc25, Wee 1 kinase. Non-cyclin CDK activators include CDK5 activators, Viral Cyclins and RINGO/Speedy. Among all CDK activators, CAK carries prime importance. The time frame of activating phosphorylation...

the gene tp53 (also known as protein 53 or tumor protein 53), encoding transcription factor p53, is mutated or deleted in half of human cancers, demonstrating the crucial role of p53 in tumor suppression. there are reports of nearly 250 independent germ line tp53 mutations in over 100 publications. the p53 protein has the structure of a transcription factor and, is made up of several domains. t...

The family of maize Kip-related proteins (KRPs) has been studied and a nomenclature based on the relationship to rice KRP genes is proposed. Expression studies of KRP genes indicate that all are expressed at 24 h of seed germination but expression is differential in the different tissues of maize plantlets. Recombinant KRP1;1 and KRP4;2 proteins, members of different KRP classes, were used to s...

Background: Although combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6) inhibitors with endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer (ABC) prolongs PFS in patients, but also has associated toxic side effects. However, few previous studies have summarized the effects CDK4/6 inhibitors. Therefore, this study corresponding CDK/6 inhibitors, which is great importance doctors patients to underst...

Four unresolved issues of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulation have been addressed by structural studies this year - the mechanism of CDK inhibition by members of the INK4 family of CDK inhibitors, consensus substrate sequence recognition by CDKs, the role of the cyclin subunit in substrate recognition and the structural mechanism underlying CDK inhibition by phosphorylation.

Dysregulated cell proliferation is one phenotypic change associated with neoplasia. Key protein complexes involved in regulating cell division are composed of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and CDK inhibitors (CDI). Many virally transformed cells in culture exhibit disrupted cyclin-CDK-CDI complexes, suggesting that such changes may play a mechanistic role in viral transformation. To d...

Activation of a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) requires its association with a cyclin subunit and phosphorylation on a conserved residue by the Cdk-activating kinase (CAK). The discovery in budding yeast of a novel CAK that is structurally distinct from the CAKs of other eukaryotes raises questions about the 'true' CAK.