The incidence of fatal hepatic failure associated with valproic acid (VPA) therapy is highest in children under the age of three years, particularly in those with developmental delay. The pathogenesis of VPA hepatotoxicity is unclear but may relate to the accumulation of a toxic metabolite of VPA which impairs fatty-acid oxidation. We describe two unrelated infants with developmental delay who ...

Nanomaterials are being extensively produced and applied in society. Human and environmental exposures are, therefore, inevitable and so increased attention is being given to nanotoxicity. While silica nanoparticles (NP) are one of the top five nanomaterials found in consumer and biomedical products, their toxicity profile is poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of ...

Basic Violet 14, Direct Red 28 and Acid Red 26 are classified as carcinogenic dyes in the European textile ecology standard, despite insufficient toxicity data. In this study, the toxicity of these dyes was assessed in a zebrafish model, and the underlying toxic mechanisms were investigated. Basic Violet 14 and Direct Red 28 showed acute toxicity with a LC50 value at 60.63 and 476.84 µg ml(-1) ...

Background. To determine the overall incidence of hepatotoxicity in children and risk factors such as age, gender, and their outcomes. Methods. Patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Infectious Disease Clinic during the period from December 2009 through August 2013 with the diagnosis of latent TB infection were included in this study. Isoniazid hepatotoxicity was classified according to th...

The Society for Medicines Research symposium, sponsored by Apredica, Gwathmey Preclinical Services, Gentronix and Cyprotex, was held at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Kensington, London, U.K. The meeting, organized by Jack Allen, Phil Jeffrey and Andrew Ratcliffe, focused on approaches to assessing drug safety in the discovery phase. Topics included molecular aspects of adverse drug rea...

the incidence of drug induced liver injury (dili) is about 1/1000 to 1/10000 among patients who receive therapeutic drug doses. drug induced hepatotoxicity is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease. the severity of liver damage ranges from nonspecific changes in liver structure to acute liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer. some common agents that can cause liver injury are aceta...

The central role of the liver in drug metabolism sets the stage for drug-related hepatotoxicity. The incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with non-narcotic analgesics is low, but their widespread use both prescription and over-the-counter-makes analgesic-associated hepatotoxicity a clinically and economically important problem. Hepatotoxicity is considered a class characteristic of nonsteroid...

AIM To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of erlotinib treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had previously experienced severe hepatotoxicity after gefitinib treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five NSCLC patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation were initially treated with gefitinib (250 mg/day). However, 7 of these experienced seve...