Biomarker is the measurable change associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. Unlike blood which has mechanisms to keep the internal environment homeostatic, urine is more likely to reflect changes of the body. As a result, urine is likely to be a better biomarker source than blood. However, since the urinary proteome is affected by many factors, including diuretics, careful...

Although diuretics have been clinically shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the effects of diuretics on cardiac hypertrophy are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the molecular effects of diuretics on hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were given p.o. M17055 (a novel "high ceiling" diuretic) 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day, furosemide...

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in patients 65 years, accounting for 1 million hospitalizations, 6 million hospital days, and $12 billion in costs annually in the United States alone.1,2 The prognosis of patients admitted with ADHF is dismal, with rates of rehospitalization or death approaching 50% within 6 months.3,4 Despite these alarmin...