surface and subsurface water collection in small seasonal rivers is very crucial, particularly in dry seasons. in this study a type of intake is introduced which acts as a river drainage network. an experimental model of the subsurface intake was constructed and the effective parameters such as upstream discharge, installation depth, and drain intervals were evaluated. the results showed that t...

abstract although lateral drains play the main role in removal of excess water from soil profile in subsurface drainage systems, but it is assumed that perforated collectors can directly remove a part of drainwater from soils. this part of discharge in subsurface drains is not usually taken into consideration in drainage design criteria, due to lack required information and its difficult estima...

evaluating drainage systems, exploring their strengths and weaknesses, provides a comprehensive perspective to designers and organizers for optimum design and implementation of guidelines for the future. this study was conducted at an experimental site consisting of three plots on a subsurface drainage network under operation in behshahr, a coastal region in northern iran. to evaluate system pe...

In these notes on drainage design procedure, three drain spacing formulae are considered suitable for designing sub-surface drainage systems. The Hooghoudt and the Kirkham-Toksoz formulae have been developed for steady state conditions and the Glover formula is applicable to the transient state condition. The steady state condition implies that the surface inflow is equal to the outflow through...

Excess surface water on roadways due to storm events can cause hazardous scenarios for traffic. The design of efficient road and transportation facility drainage systems is a major challenge. Different approaches limit excess be found in the standards different countries. This document presents method based hydraulic numerical simulation assessment grate inlet efficiency using Iber model. suita...

An interim drainage structure provides a short service during the construction months of the permanent drainage structure. This study presents a risk cost approach by which the design flood for an interim drainage structure can be derived from the capacity of the permanent structure, cost-capacity ratio, cost-damage ratio, and construction months during a year. To accommodate various constructi...