Data from 1002 households indicated that contextual factors (group size, subsequent activity) and individual difference factors (sex, extroversion, drinking frequency) differentially influenced consumption and normative ratings. These findings suggest that contextual cues serve as determinants of drinking norms and that drinking behavior reflects individual variation in sensitivity to these cues.

we conducted this cross-sectional study to examine the relationships between problematic alcohol drinking, unhealthy habits and socio-demographic factors based on the fourth korean national health and nutrition examination survey (knhanes iv).we analyzed a total of 13,488 participants based on the data collected from the knhanes iv performed between 2007 and 2009.the frequency of binge and heav...

background: the existence of fluoride ion in potable water has distinctive effects on human health. fluoride is attracted by positively charged calcium in teeth and bones due to its strong electro-negativity which results in dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal forms of xuorosis and associated health complaints in children as well as adults. methods: water samples from groundwater used for drinki...

Motives to drink alcohol are widely thought to be the proximal cognitive factors involved in the decision to consume alcohol beverages. However it has also been argued that the ability to restrain drinking may be a more proximal predictor of drinking behaviour. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between drinking motives, drinking restraint and both alcohol consumption and alco...

In humans, thirst tends to be alleviated before complete rehydration is achieved. When sweating rates are high and ad libitum fluid consumption is not sufficient to replace sweat losses, a cumulative loss in body water results. Body mass losses of 2% or greater take time to accumulate. Dehydration of ≥  2% body mass is associated with impaired thermoregulatory function, elevated cardiovascular ...

background: irradiation of water by uv has been considered as an attractive alternative for disinfection because its low- im pact, pathogen killing capacity shows tremendous promise for meeting today’s drinking water regulatory requirements. this study has been performed with the objective of utilizing medium pressure lamp in the preliminary stage of municipal wa ter treatment, namely prior to ...