introduction: the aim of present study was to estimate effective dose from most common procedures performed in nuclear medicine departments of golestan province. methods: data of nuclear medicine procedures performed in 2 nuclear medicine departments in golestan province were collected during 4 years. effective dose, collective effective dose and effective dose per examination were calculated u...

background: natural background radiation of a particular region is one of the distinctive factors defining the status of environment. eloor island is an industrial area in ernakulum district of the state of kerala, india. the indoor and outdoor gamma level measurements have been carried out for the region for evaluating the annual effective dose to the population residing in this area. material...

introduction radiation exposures from diagnostic medical examinations are generally low and are almost always justified by the benefits of accurate diagnosis of possible disease conditions. therefore, entrance skin dose (esd), body organ dose (bod), and effective dose (ed) from adult patients undergoing routine thorax posterior-anterior (pa) and thorax right lateral (rlat) were estimated in uni...

background: high level radiation areas have been recognized on various parts of the earth. mahallat hot spring region is one of these areas. study of exposure in these areas can be helpful in investigating the effects of ionizing radiation. internal and external exposure to the staff was studied. materials and methods: used materials and instruments include: rss-112 ionizing chamber for environ...

background: application of dose-area product (dap) quantity has been increased in the clinical practice. dap is relatively easy to measure. dap has been shown to correlate well with the total energy imparted to the patient, which is related to the effective dose. material and methods: in this study, measurements of dap were carried out in a sample of 421 adult patients who underwent conventiona...

In order to assess possible synergistic antinociceptive interactions, the analgesic effects of intra-peritoneal tramadol and morphine administered either separately or in combination were determined using tail-flick latency test following exposure to radiant heat in rats. Groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats received either tramadol (3.90, 7.00, 12.50, and 22.20 mg kg-1) and morp...