Unlike non mammalian vertebrates, adult neurogenesis in mammals is detectable in highly restricted brain sites. Persistent neurogenesis is thought to depend on stem cells residing in neural stem cell niches which are remnants of the embryonic germinal layers. Local progenitors which retain some proliferative capacity have been identified in the mature brain parenchyma, yet they do not support a...

Notochord is an axial structure derived of embryonic mesoderm and in addition to structural supporting role in inducing nearby germinal layers, it has a basic role in formation of organs such as vertebral column, axial vessels, neural tube and primitive gut. This organ undergoes essential changes during the development process. First, arises from the primitive node and terms notochordal process...

The extrinsic signaling pathways responsible for the formation and maintenance of the unique laminar organization of the forebrain germinal zones are largely unknown. In the present study, we asked whether ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/gp130 signaling plays a role in the development of the germinal layers in the lateral ganglionic eminence. We found that CN...

The neural crest has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists and, more recently, clinical specialists, as research in recent decades significantly expanded boundaries knowledge about involvement and cells development human pathology. are a unique evolutionarily based embryonic structure. Its discovery completely changed view process embryogenesis. Knowledge sheds light on many m...

previous studies have shown that morphine administration could inhibit neural tube development in rat embryos and produce behavioral defects in human and animals. in the present study, the effects of maternal morphine consumption on embryonic neural plate development in wistar rats were investigated. methods: twenty-four female wistar rats (250-300 g) were crossed with males. after pregnancy, t...

Knowledge of oocyte development and the early differentiation germ layers in monotremes stems largely from two articles by J. P. Hill T. Thomson Flynn. The completeness their account was due to large series echidna ovaries eggs collected on Tasmania Flynn, an Australian biologist whom a brief is given. A striking finding embryo presence latebra connected yolk bed beneath germinal disc as descri...

The outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) is a germinal layer playing key roles in the development of the neocortex, with particular relevance in gyrencephalic species such as human and ferret, where it contains abundant basal radial glia cells (bRGCs) that promote cortical expansion. Here we identify a brief period in ferret embryonic development when apical RGCs generate a burst of bRGCs that beco...

Tumor neovascularization may occur via both angiogenic and vasculogenic events. In order to investigate the vessel formation during tumor growth, we developed a novel experimental model that takes into account differentiative tumorigenic properties of Embryonic Stem cells (ESCs). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor-deprived murine ESCs were grafted on top chick embryo chorionallantoic membrane (CAM) in ...

Myristica fragrans has been reported to be a medicinal plant as it possesses hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antiulcer, anticancer and immunostimulatory properties, well antifertility potentials. This study therefore aimed investigate the effects of alcoholic extract M. on dam size, litter pup weight, ovarian follicles, endometrial glands histopathological indices pregnancy outco...

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos. Developing gonadal ridges from...