organization of living environment is possible through a clear definition of private and public arenas and determinationof a spatial hierarchy. such defined arenas increase the sense of belonging to the environment which personalizesresidential environments. enclosure is among the quantities that play a significant role in defining the spaces. in fact,enclosure is the factor that defines a spac...

The key objective of this study is to develop an experimental computational method for mapping architectural space, and further validate the method using several case studies. The result will offer possibilities for quantitative design analysis, particularly on spatial quality influenced by architectural elements. Our proposed method for this computation consists of two phases: determination of...

To identify voids around underground concrete sewer pipes, a few studies have introduced conducting in-pipe Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) inspection systems along the pipes. However, less research has focused on studying implications of emission, propagation, and reception electromagnetic waves in enclosed environment pipes their subsequent impact resulting radargrams. We defined simulation sc...

A three-dimensional model of an enclosed air-conditioned space was established. Numerical simulation conducted for the temperature distribution in with air conditioner turned on using computational fluid dynamics, and movement track aerosol droplets exhaled by a patient traced discrete phase based Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The analysis shows that, after is on, velocity outflowing from greatly...