Analyses of individual disease-exposure data within a population are useful when exposure of interest varies sufficiently within the population. When the within-population variance of exposure is limited, however, power of the individual-data analysis is reduced. In such situations, aggregated-data analyses of disease data across populations, with a sample of individual exposure data from each ...

Expressions for the variance of an estimated frequency function are necessary for many issues in model validation and experiment design. A general result is that a simple expression for this variance can be obtained asymptotically as the model order tends to infinity. This expression shows that the variance is inversely proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio frequency by frequency. Still, fo...

This article considers the problem of estimating the population variance using auxiliary information. An improved version of Singh’s exponential type ratio estimator has been proposed and its properties have been studied under large sample approximation. It is shown that the proposed exponential type ratio estimator is more efficient than that considered by the Singh estimator, conventional rat...

Although most ecologists agree that both top-down and bottom-up forces (predation and resource limitation, respectively) act in concert to influence populations of herbivores, it has proven difficult to estimate the relative contributions of such forces in terrestrial systems. Using a combination of time-series analysis of population counts recorded over 16 years and experimental data, we prese...

In this paper, we focus on introducing the Variance Swap and estimating the portfolios. The portfolios of the Variance Swap are optimized based on maximizing the distorted expectation given the index of acceptability. The variance strike is calculated from the option surface calibration. The realized variance is constructed through Hardy-Littlewood transform considering the highly correlated au...