Contents 1. Introduction 2. Animal self-medication and ethnomedicine 3. The impact of parasites on the evolution of self-medicative behavior 4. Food as medicine in animals and humans 5. Use of plants as medicine by chimpanzees in the wild 5.1. Whole leaf swallowing and the physical expulsion of parasite 5.2. Vernonia amygdalina and bitter pith chewing behavior 5.3. The ethnomedicine and phytoch...

Ethnobiology is a multidisciplinary field of study that draws on approaches and methods from both the social and biological sciences. Ethnobiology aims at investigating culturally based biological and environmental knowledge, cultural perception and cognition of the natural world, and associated behaviours and practices. Ethnomedicine is concerned with the cultural interpretations of health, di...

Ethnomedicine is an intellectual area which embraces theoretical concerns that are relevant to both the social and biological sciences. The relation which exists between disease, social behavior, and human adaptation constitutes the primary subject matter of ethnomedicine. This relation is examined in terms of man's unique capacities for symbolization and culture. Since ethnomedical generalizat...

in countries having traditional medicine (tm), one of the main challenges for any researcher is research methodology. current methodologies are different with what was in past. the main purpose of this article is to present the steps (herbs, claims and methodology) of research in tm fields. 1. assessment of herbs history, method of study, quality assessment, efficacy, safety, toxicity and the...

BACKGROUND An understanding and appreciation for the varied healthcare systems in use throughout the world are increasingly vital for medical personnel as patient populations are now composed of ethnically diverse people with wide-ranging belief systems. OBJECTIVE While not a statistically valid survey, this pilot study gives a global overview of healthcare differences around the world. DES...

CONTRIBUTING REVIEWERS The editors of Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 11 (2015).