BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic research is often devoted to etiologic investigation, and so techniques that may facilitate mechanistic inferences are attractive. Some of these techniques rely on rigid and/or unrealistic assumptions, making the biologic inferences tenuous. The methodology investigated here is effect decomposition: the contrast between effect measures estimated with and without adjust...

introduction: squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is the most common head and neck malignancy. smoking, alcohol consumption, viral infections, exposure, oral hygiene, and dietary, genetic, and occupational factors are the most important etiologic factors. the aim of this study was determining the incidence of etiologic factors in head and neck scc.  materials and methods: this is a cross-sectional su...

We are currently witnessing an explosion of information about the genetic contribution to complex human diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These genetic discoveries have profound implications for efforts to more fully characterize etiologic pathways and mechanisms. Further, these etiologic insights should lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic tools and inform the developm...

I use two examples to demonstrate that an appropriate etiologic analysis of an epidemiologic study depends as much on study design and background subject-matter knowledge as on the data. The demonstration is facilitated by the use of causal graphs.

<p class="abstract">Nasal lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is a rare and benign vascular tumor of unknown etiology, often associated with hormonal factors history trauma. In this case series we present twelve cases nasal LCH diagnosed on patients treated at the Hospital da Senhora Oliveira from January 2010 December 2019. Of 12 patients, 66, 7% were males. The most common clinical prese...