نتایج جستجو برای: Exemption Mechanisms

تعداد نتایج: 538436  

Journal: :Public health action 2013
R Basnet B R Shrestha S B Nagaraja B Basnet S Satyanarayana R Zachariah

This study assessed the characteristics of beneficiaries of a government-led policy of exemption for payment being provided in a regional hospital in Nepal. In January and February 2012, 9547 patients sought services at the out-patient clinic, the majority (83%) of whom were from the same district although this was a referral hospital for 15 districts. Only 10.8% received exemption from payment...

Journal: :International Journal for Equity in Health 2007
Sophie Coronini-Cronberg Wongsa Laohasiriwong Christian A Gericke

BACKGROUND In 2001, the Government of Thailand introduced a universal coverage scheme with the aim of ensuring equitable health care access for even the poorest citizens. For a flat user fee of 30 Baht per consultation, or for free for those falling into exemption categories, every scheme participant may access registered health services. The exemption categories include children under 12 years...

2015
Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan Valéry Ridde

During the last ten years, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have opted for selective user fee exemption policies, while remaining within the general framework of cost recovery. But they have each developed their own particular institutional mechanisms, different from those of their neighbour. This was the topic of a comparative research program combining both quantitative and qualitative surveys ov...

2012
Emilie Robert Valéry Ridde Bruno Marchal Pierre Fournier

Background Four years prior to the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) deadline, low- and middle-income countries and international stakeholders are looking for evidence-based policies to improve access to healthcare for the most vulnerable populations. User fee exemption policies are one of the potential solutions. However, the evidence is disparate, and systematic reviews have failed to provid...

2018
Saad B Omer Rachael M Porter Kristen Allen Daniel A Salmon Robert A Bednarczyk

Background Kindergarten-entry vaccination requirements have played an important role in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. Forty-eight states and the District of Colombia offer nonmedical exemptions to vaccines, ranging in stringency. Methods We analyzed state-level exemption data from 2011 to 2012 through 2015 to 2016 school years. States were categorized by exemp...

2006

In 1991 the U.S. Department of Justice sued nine colleges and universities, alleging that they had restrained competition by making collective financial aid determinations for students accepted to more than one of these schools. Against the backdrop of this litigation, Congress enacted a temporary exemption from antitrust laws for higher education institutions in 1992. The exemption allows limi...

2013
Stephen O Maluka

BACKGROUND Like other African countries, Tanzania has in recent years, been implementing various exemptions and targeting programmes to protect and ensure equitable access to health care by poorer segments of the population. A body of evidence indicates that exemption policies, while potentially effective in principle, are ineffective in implementation. However, there is evidence that some dist...

2010
Johannes Becker

If conventional instruments of strategic trade policy are unavailable, the system of foreign profit taxation and transfer price guidelines may serve as surrogate policy instruments. In this paper, I consider a model where firms from two countries compete with each other on a third market. I analyze optimal policy choices of the firms’ residence countries aiming at strategically manipulating the...

2014
Eduardo Dávila

This paper characterizes the optimal bankruptcy exemption for risk averse borrowers who use unsecured contracts but have the possibility of defaulting. It provides a novel general formula — which holds in a wide variety of environments — for the optimal exemption as a function of a few observable sufficient statistics. Knowledge of borrowers’ leverage, the sensitivity of the interest rate sched...

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