The structural risk assessment and evaluation process is broken into the steps of Develop knowledge of as-built conditions, Determine local response characteristics, Create mathematical model, Perform global analysis, Determine acceptability, and Select retrofit procedure/Classify per evaluation procedure and each step discussed. These steps, in general, are major topics of their own and only a...

a major reason why many developing nations have not made significant advancement in sustainable development (sd) agenda is the neglect of existing building stock which forms the bulk of built assets. although sustainable development is a universal challenge, it cannot be approached in the same way for all nations, but rather practical response can be defined nationally or locally. this paper re...