background: health hazards associated with exposure due to the natural radioactivity which is a part of our physical environment are of great concern. in order to assess the risks associated with exposure due to the natural radioactivity in soil and building materials, extensive studies have been carried out all over the world. the most commonly encountered radionuclide’s are 238u, 232th, their...

introduction the exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation from natural sources is a continuing and inescapable feature of life on earth. for most individuals, this exposure exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. materials and methods in this study, the annual effective dose in high level environmental background radiation areas (hlebras) of northern city of ramsar in iran was de...

introduction: the aim of present study was to estimate effective dose from most common procedures performed in nuclear medicine departments of golestan province. methods: data of nuclear medicine procedures performed in 2 nuclear medicine departments in golestan province were collected during 4 years. effective dose, collective effective dose and effective dose per examination were calculated u...

background: natural background radiation of a particular region is one of the distinctive factors defining the status of environment. eloor island is an industrial area in ernakulum district of the state of kerala, india. the indoor and outdoor gamma level measurements have been carried out for the region for evaluating the annual effective dose to the population residing in this area. material...

introduction radiation exposures from diagnostic medical examinations are generally low and are almost always justified by the benefits of accurate diagnosis of possible disease conditions. therefore, entrance skin dose (esd), body organ dose (bod), and effective dose (ed) from adult patients undergoing routine thorax posterior-anterior (pa) and thorax right lateral (rlat) were estimated in uni...

Introduction: Human beings are naturally exposed to ionizing radiation in any environment. There are two main contributors to radiation exposures from natural sources: cosmic rays, Cosmo genic radionuclides, and radioactive nuclides that originated in the earth's crust. According to the latest data provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Rad...

background: people who have been administrated radiopharmaceuticals could be a source of radiation to their relatives, medical nurses, and people who are in contact with them. the aim of this work was to estimate radiation dose received by nuclear medicine nurses. materials and methods: in this study, the dose rates at various distances of 5 – 100 cm from 70 patients, who were administered diag...

background: high level radiation areas have been recognized on various parts of the earth. mahallat hot spring region is one of these areas. study of exposure in these areas can be helpful in investigating the effects of ionizing radiation. internal and external exposure to the staff was studied. materials and methods: used materials and instruments include: rss-112 ionizing chamber for environ...

background: application of dose-area product (dap) quantity has been increased in the clinical practice. dap is relatively easy to measure. dap has been shown to correlate well with the total energy imparted to the patient, which is related to the effective dose. material and methods: in this study, measurements of dap were carried out in a sample of 421 adult patients who underwent conventiona...