history of underwater diving dates back to antiquity. breath-hold technique in diving was known to the ancient nations. however, deep diving progressed only in the early decades of the 19 th century as the result of advancements in efficient underwater technologies which subsequently led to invention of sophisticated sets of scuba diving in the 20 th century. currently, diving is performed for ...

Introduction: First branchial cleft anomalies manifest with duplication of the external auditory canal.   Case Report: This report features a rare case of microtia and congenital middle ear and canal cholesteatoma with first branchial fistula. External auditory canal stenosis was complicated by middle ear and external canal cholesteatoma, but branchial fistula, opening in the zygomatic root and...

introduction: first branchial cleft anomalies manifest with duplication of the external auditory canal.   case report: this report features a rare case of microtia and congenital middle ear and canal cholesteatoma with first branchial fistula. external auditory canal stenosis was complicated by middle ear and external canal cholesteatoma, but branchial fistula, opening in the zygomatic root and...

To achieve mass customization and collaborative product design, human factors and ergonomics should play a key development role. The purpose of this study was to provide product designers with the anthropometic dimensions of outer ears for different demographic data, including gender and age. The second purpose was to compare the dimensions of various ear-related products (i.e., earphone, bluet...

We measured the movements of the external ear, or pinna, using the magnetic search coil technique in cats trained to look at auditory and visual targets for a food reward. No behavioral contingencies were placed on pinna movements. Prominent pinna movements accompany eye movements when the animal orients to either auditory or visual stimuli. In visual trials the pinna movements are coordinated ...

We report here the draft genome sequences of Mycoplasma auris and Mycoplasma yeatsii, two species commonly isolated from the external ear canal of Caprinae.

This paper addresses the fundamental problem of relating the anthropometry of the pinna to the localization cues it creates. The HRTFs for isolated pinnae (which are called PRTFs) are analyzed and modeled for sound sources directly in front of the listener. It is shown that a low-order filter model, with parameters suggested by or derived from pinna anthropometry, provides a good fit to the dat...

we report five cases of duplicated external ear canal with especial attention to its histology and surgical care of facial nerve for their complete resection. these five patients were selected from 50 cases of first bronchial cleft anomalies including atretic external ear canals, preauricular fistula, cyst and sinuses. the characteristic histopathology and clinical features such as external ope...