Environmental problems are one of the most challenging issues for the entire world and each country. In economic studies, environmental issues are analyzed as negative externalities. In this article, the negative externalities of electricity production on the output growth of different sectors and household’s welfare in Iran’s economy have been studied through price system using Computable Gene...

urbanization agglomeration that is named jacobs externalities, refers to the role of economic diversification in urban. localization agglomeration, marshal-arrow-romer (mar) externalities, is related to the concentration of firms activated in a special industry within a specified place. the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of different types of agglomeration economies on employ...

although there is a tendency worldwide towards alternative methods in effectively managing weeds, use of herbicides to control weeds in conventional agriculture is still inevitable. with regard to externalities (through unsystematic use of herbicides) imposed upon environment, in the present paper it has been tried to study the willingness to pay of wheat farmers to plan for reducing the side e...

Coexistence of identity-specific and financial externalities among bidders is a salient feature of auctions with buyers who are cross shareholders or competing firms in an oligopoly. This paper unifies these two types of externalities in revenue-maximizing auction design. Our main findings are the following. First, these two types of externalities can be unified through the framework of Myerson...

We implement a family of efficient proposals to share benefits generated in environments with externalities. These proposals extend the Shapley value to games with externalities and are parametrized through the method by which the externalities are averaged. We construct two slightly different mechanisms: one for environments with negative externalities and the other for positive externalities....

Network externalities exist when some people bear costs that they are not paid or compensated for, or when they get benefits that they do not pay for. Externalities may be positive or negative, depending on the effects they produce. There are also supply-side and demand-side network externalities. The paper discusses some aspects of demand-side network externalities, particularly when related t...

The paper seeks to develop our understanding of the somewhat diffuse nature of technological externalities in technological space by associating a geographical dimension with the sectoral dimension. Using panel data this paper estimates a knowledge production function that allows for spillovers inside the same industry and outside, and for local as well as global geographical spillovers. This a...

By reviewing and improving previous empirical works on this topic, the present paper investigates the dynamic externalities of agglomeration in China. Taking China’s top three municipalities (i.e., Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin) as sample regions, it assesses empirically and compares how three types of dynamic externalities—namely MAR (Marshall–Arrow–Romer), Jacobs, and Porter externalities—af...

despite the numerous advantages of large dams, there is still a deep suspicion about the real,long-term benefits and costs of their construction. land use change on a vast scale, displacement of a largepopulation of indigenous people, loss of biodiversity and production of greenhouse gas emissions, as well as environmental, socioeconomic and cultural consequences resulting therefrom, indicate c...