An advantage of functionally graded materials (FGMs) over laminated composites is that material properties vary continuously in an FGM but are discontinuous across adjoining layers in laminated composites. Furthermore, in an FGM material, properties can be graded in all three directions which is more difficult to achieve in laminated composites. FGMs have been used for structural optimization, ...

In this research, the analytical and numerical investigation of a cylindrical shell made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) reinforced by laminated composite subjected to internal pressure is presented. Using the infinitesimal theory of elasticity, the analytical solution of stress and strain in vessels made of FGMs is studied first. It is assumed that the elasticity modulus follows a powe...

Laminated magnetoelectric composites of Li0.058(Na0.535K0.48)0.942NbO3 (LKNN)/Co0.6Zn0.4Fe1.7Mn0.3O4 (CZFM) prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method were investigated for their dielectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties. The microstructure of the laminated composites indicates that the LKNN phase and CZFM phase can coexist in the composites. Compared with the particul...

this research investigates the effect of the post-cure time on the residual stresses in laminated composites. laminated composites were made of t300 carbon fibers and epoxy resin. the post-cure process was carried out at the constant temperature of 120 °c for 6 and 12 hours for two specimens. the slitting method was employed to determine through-thickness residual stress distribution of the com...

This research investigates the effect of post-cure time on residual stresses in laminated composites. Laminated composites were made of T300 carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The post-cure process was carried out at the constant temperature of 120 °C for 6 and 12 hours for two specimens. The slitting method was employed to determine through-thickness residual stress distribution of the composite l...

Protective clothing performs a vital role in maintaining the safety of human in workplace. The developments in this field are proceeding to fulfill the needs with multifunctional materials at competitive costs. Recently, the protective clothing field introduces the usage of composite materials taking advantage of their outstanding properties. In this paper, the multifunctional performance of hy...

Fiber-reinforced laminated composites are frequently preferred in many engineering projects. With the development in production technology, the using of the fiber reinforced laminated composites has been increasing in engineering applications. In the production stage of the fiber-reinforced laminated composites, porosities could be occurred due to production or technical errors. After a level o...

To integrate irreconcilable material properties into a single component, a new class of engineered materials termed “surface composites” has been developed. In this engineered material, the second phase is spatially distributed in the near surface regions, such that the phase composition is linearly graded as a function of distance from the surface. Surface composites are different from existin...

a new method for determination of residual stresses in the bottom layers of laminated composites is developed. in this method the residual stresses are determined by performing a consecutive drilling of laminated composites in the center of the rosette and recording the strains after drilling each layer. the depth of the hole in each step is equal to the thickness of each layer and the maximum ...

The use of natural fiber reinforced composites has continuously increased during recent years due to their low density, low cost and environmental friendliness. At current study, a preliminary investigation on the impact properties and morphologies of unsaturated polyester reinforced by jute woven fabric from the used coffee bags with different moisture contents were carried out. Additionally, ...