Three-dimensional enriched finite elements are used to compute mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for three-dimensional cracks in elastic functionally graded materials (FGMs) that are subject to general mixed-mode loading. The method, which advantageously does not require special mesh configuration/modifications and post-processing of finite element results, is an enhancement of previou...

This paper presents the study on influence external pressures on vibration of functionally graded materials thin-walled cylindrical shell supported. The functionally graded materials (FGMs) properties are graded in the thickness direction of the shell. FGMs are advanced composite materials, consisting of different types of materials, in which the properties shift continuously from one material ...

Presented in this paper is a novel additive manufacturing technology for making three-dimensional parts with functionally graded materials (FGMs), called Freeze-form Extrusion Fabrication (FEF). The system development included extruder modeling and control, composition gradient control for a tripleextruder mechanism, and motion code generation for a 3-axis positioning system. The effectiveness ...

In this Paper, we investigate numerically and analytically the thermal conductivity of nanoscale graphene disks (NGDs), and discussed the possibility to realize functionally graded material (FGM) with only one material, NGDs. Different from previous studies on divergence/non-diffusive of thermal conductivity in nano-structures with different size, we found a novel non-homogeneous (graded) therm...

Rapid manufacturing is emerging as a technology that enables the fabrication of three-dimensional heterogeneous objects. Compared to homogeneous objects, the fabrication of heterogeneous objects is very complicated for the processing of material information especially Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). To take full advantage of rapid manufacturing, some methods to design and fabricate hetero...

ÐA functionally graded composite is prepared and the spatial gradation of Young's modulus in the functionally graded material (FGM) is measured. Elastic modulus gradients occur over length scales suitable for experimental mechanics investigations using optical interferometry. Crack tip ®elds are mapped in the FGM under quasi-static loading conditions with cracks oriented perpendicular to the di...

Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a means to remove discrete material interfaces which lead high local stress concentrations, such as the tungsten–copper (W–Cu) interface of current ITER monoblock design. This paper employs adjoint-based optimization methods identify highest potential reduction stresses that could be reached with these materials, while ensuring temperature does ...

P.D. Sequeira 1, 2, , Yoshimi Watanabe 1, b and L.A. Rocha 2, 3, c Department of Functional Machinery and Mechanics, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan CIICS Centro de Investigacao em Comportamento de Superficies, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal DEM – Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4800-...

Coaxial Laser wire Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) promises a direction-independent buildup due to centric supply of the welding material. To fabricate Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), processing head was designed that is capable supplying two materials into zone. This study investigates direction dependency seams produced by 1.4718 metal wires with diameter 0.8 mm in coaxial laser setup ...