Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) metabolize numerous foreign chemicals, including drugs, pesticides and dietary components and, thus, mediate interactions between humans and their chemical environment. We describe the mechanism of action of FMOs and insights gained from the structure of yeast FMO. We then concentrate on the three FMOs (FMOs 1, 2 and 3) that are most important for metabol...

Bu derlemede flavin-içeren monooksijenazların (FMO) farmakolojik ve toksikolojik önemi ile ilgili güncel bilgiler özetlenmiştir. FMO’lar nükleofilik hetereatom içeren ksenobiyotiklerin ve ilaçların oksidasyonuna katılan mikrozomal bir enzim ailesidir. FMO’ların ilaç metabolizmasındaki etkinlikleri ve hastalıklarla olan ilişkileri, daha fazla araştırılması gereken alanlardır. FMO’lar üzerine yap...

Motivated by the use of chitosan (Ch), and cellulose acetate (AC) as organic matrices in several therapeutic drugs, a theoretical study has been elaborated through density functional theory method (DFT) to investigate interaction mechanism between two essential ions for human body Ca2+, K+ (AC). Many physical chemical aspects have carried out after achievement structural optimization. This invo...

Despite the remarkable versatility displayed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) in natural product biosynthesis, one notably missing activity is the oxidative generation of carbonate functional groups. We describe a multifunctional Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, CcsB, which catalyzes the formation of an in-line carbonate in the macrocyclic portion of cytochalasin E. This study expands th...

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) form a distinct class of flavoproteins that catalyze the insertion of an oxygen atom in a C-C bond using dioxygen and NAD(P)H. Using newly characterized BVMO sequences, we have uncovered a BVMO-identifying sequence motif: FXGXXXHXXXW(P/D). Studies with site-directed mutants of 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens ACB suggest tha...

Insects experience a wide array of chemical pressures from plant allelochemicals and pesticides and have developed several effective counterstrategies to cope with such toxins. Among these, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are crucial in plant-insect interactions. Flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) seem not to play a central role in xenobiotic detoxification in insects, in contrast to mammals...

N-Deacetyl ketoconazole (DAK) is the major metabolite of orally administered ketoconazole. This major metabolite has been demonstrated to be further metabolized predominately by the flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) to the secondary hydroxylamine, N-deacetyl-N-hydroxyketoconazole (N-hydroxy-DAK) by adult and postnatal rat hepatic microsomes. Our current investigation evaluated the FMO iso...

The Anglo-Australian Observatory has undertaken a design study for a 1000 fibre positioner for the prime focus of the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT) as part of the MOMFOS (Multi-Object MultiFibre Optical Spectrograph) instrument. To our knowledge this is the first design study funded for a prime focus instrument for an ELT. It offers a particularly elegant and efficient solution for wi...

S-Allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), a component of garlic and a metabolite of allyl halides, is a known substrate for multiple flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). In the current study, we characterize the in vivo SAC metabolism by investigating the presence of SAC, N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (NASAC), and their corresponding sulfoxides in the urine of rats given SAC (200 or 400 mg/kg i.p.). In some ...