Lighting technologies for plant growth are improving rapidly, providing numerous options for supplemental lighting in greenhouses. Here we report the photosynthetic (400-700 nm) photon efficiency and photon distribution pattern of two double-ended HPS fixtures, five mogul-base HPS fixtures, ten LED fixtures, three ceramic metal halide fixtures, and two fluorescent fixtures. The two most efficie...

We set up a library of virtual fixtures with both haptic and graphic properties and behaviors. For a given task, Virtual Fixture Assembly Language (VFAL) could be used to construct various virtual fixture series, with graphic and force guidance rules, making the low-level haptic and graphic rendering details transparent to the developers. An experiment evaluated the application of virtual fixtu...

a 48 year old patient was candidate for anterior mandibular reconstruction by 2 fixtures of branemark implant. residual infection lead to removal of one of the implants from the extracted tooth socket. afterwards, 2 fixtures of bonefit was inserted adjacent to previously placed branemark implants and final prosthesis were loaded in a joint cemented and screwed design.

Haptic virtual fixtures are software-generated force and position signals applied to human operators in order to improve the safety, accuracy, and speed of robot-assisted manipulation tasks. Virtual fixtures are effective and intuitive because they capitalize on both the accuracy of robotic systems and the intelligence of human operators. In this paper, we discuss the design, analysis, and impl...

Fixture is use to hold a workpiece in the desire position and orientation during manufacturing, assembly, welding or any other machining process. Conventional fixtures need to be redesigned and remanufactured for every new product or process. So there is need of special work holding device like reconfigurable fixture which can be used to hold a variety of workpieces or to hold the workpiece in ...

This paper presents a study on the application of virtual fixtures as a control aid for performing telemanipulation or in the training environment. The implementation features both manual and supervisory control modes. It also studies approaches for using virtual fixtures in generating visual and force clues and/or for restricting the motion of the slave using the definition of virtual fixtures...

The use of haptic virtual fixtures is a potential tool to improve the safety of robotic and telerobotic surgery. They can “push back” on the surgeon to prevent unintended surgical tool movements into protected zones. Previous work has suggested generating virtual fixtures from preoperative images like CT scans. However these are difficult to establish and register in dynamic environments. This ...