while parkinson's disease (pd) has traditionally been defined by motor symptoms, many researches have indicated that mild cognitive impairment is common in non-demented pd patients. the purpose of this study was to compare verbal fluency performance in non-demented parkinson's disease patients with healthy controls.in this cross-sectional study thirty non-demented parkinson's disease patients a...

Objective: Verbal fluency is a cognitive function that can be easily assessed in bedside and provide useful data for clinical assessment of a variety of cognitive functions. We decided to provide a standardized test for the assessment of verbal fluency in Persian language, including both phonemic and semantic fluency subtests.  Method: First, three letters (P, D, and Sh) and three categories (...

background alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common type of dementia. patients with ad have impaired semantic knowledge of nouns and verbs as well as the ability to verb retrieval. objectives the aim of this study was to compare verbal fluency and verb fluency and to investigate the association between severity and types of fluency (verbal-verb) in patients with ad. patients and methods this...

The distribution of item generation/time in the performance of elderly on verbal fluency (VF) remains unknown. Objective: To analyze the number of items, their distribution and impact of the first quartile on the final test result. Methods: 31 individuals performed the tests (average age=74 years; schooling=8.16 years). Results: The number of items produced in the first quartile differed from t...

The primary goal was to expand our understanding of text reading fluency (efficiency or automaticity)-how its relation to other constructs (e.g., word reading fluency and reading comprehension) changes over time and how it is different from word reading fluency and reading comprehension. We examined (1) developmentally changing relations among word reading fluency, listening comprehension, text...

research on multiword clusters (chunks) is based on the assumption that native speakers use plenty of chunks in their everyday language and they are considered as fluent speakers of language. therefore the present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of using chunks on speaking fluency of iranian efl learners. in the first phase of the study, the students of two intermediate classes s...