BACKGROUND Reorganization of the corticospinal tract (CST) can occur in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). The affected hand can be controlled via (1) typical contralateral projections from the lesioned hemisphere, (2) ipsilateral projections from the nonlesioned hemisphere, and (3) a combination of contralateral and ipsilateral projections (ie, bilateral). Intensive bimanual therapy and...

Whether neurons generated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have in vivo-like properties is unknown. In this issue of Neuron, Espuny-Camacho et al. (2013) show that ESC-/iPSC-derived cortical neurons make specific projections and functional synapses when transplanted into a neonatal mouse brain.

Microarray gene expression profiles of both renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and a RCC cell line were analyzed using singular value decomposition (SVD) and functional clustering. The SVD projections of the expression profiles revealed significant differences between the profiles of RCC tissues and a RCC cell line. Based on the biological processes, selected genes were annotated and clustered ...

The frontal cortex plays an important role in the initiation and execution of movements via widespread projections to various cortical and subcortical areas. Layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells in the frontal cortex send axons mainly to other ipsilateral/contralateral cortical areas. Subpopulations of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal cells that selectively project to the pontine nuclei or to the contralater...

Morphogen family proteins are now widely appreciated as axon guidance cues. Because their roles as morphogens are highly conserved across phylogeny, their functional conservation in axon guidance is now being rigorously examined. Recent studies suggest that morphogens are important in shaping topographic projections in chick and Drosophila visual systems, a process that occurs even later in dev...

An Effective Applicative Structure is a collection of partial functions over an arbitrary set M, indexed by elements of the same set, closed under composition, and containing projections, universal functions and functions S n of the s-m-n theorem of Recursion Theory. The notion of EAS is developed as an abstract approach to computability, filling a notational gap between functional and combinat...

In our previous papers1,2) it has been reported that spontaneous discharges of the trigeminal motor nucleus and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are accelerated by stretching an ipsilateral jaw muscle, and characteristic projections of the spindle afferent impulses from each masticatory muscle in these nuclei were observed. In she present experiment the functional interactions of the impulses f...