Gallium nitrate is active against lymphoma and bladder cancer; however, little is understood about tumor resistance to this drug. Transferrin, the iron transport protein, increases gallium uptake by cells, whereas pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), an iron chelator, transports iron into cells. Therefore, we examined whether these metal transporters would increase the cytotoxicity of galli...

Gallium nitrate is active against lymphoma and bladder cancer; however, little is understood about tumor resistance to this drug. Transferrin, the iron transport protein, increases gallium uptake by cells, whereas pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), an iron chelator, transports iron into cells. Therefore, we examined whether these metal transporters would increase the cytotoxicity of galli...

Clinical studies have shown gallium nitrate to have significant antitumor activity against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and bladder cancer, thus indicating that gallium-based drugs have potential for further development as antineoplastic agents. In this study, we compared the cytotoxicity of gallium maltolate, a novel gallium compound, with gallium nitrate in lymphoma cell lines, including p53 varian...

Over the past two to three decades, gallium compounds have gained importance in the fields of medicine and electronics. In clinical medicine, radioactive gallium and stable gallium nitrate are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. In addition, gallium compounds have displayed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity in animal m...

Gallium, a pharmacologically important metal, resembles iron with respect to transferrin (Tf) binding and Tf receptor-mediated cellular uptake. In the present study, we examined the effect of gallium on Tf-independent iron uptake by HL60 cells. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of Tf-gallium on Tf-iron uptake, gallium nitrate, in a time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent manner, sti...

Several clinical trials have shown gallium nitrate to be an active agent in the treatment of lymphoma. Whereas gallium is known to target cellular iron homeostasis, the basis for lymphoma cell resistance to gallium is not known. Understanding mechanisms of resistance may suggest strategies to enhance the clinical efficacy of gallium. In the present study, we used a focused DNA microarray to com...

The solvent extraction of gallium from a concentrated Jajarm Bayer process liquor containing 164.90 g/l of Na2O, 86.70 g/l of Al2O3 and 106.02 ppm of gallium was investigated using 10 vol.% Kelex100, a 7-alkyl substituted-8 hydroxyquinoline as an extractant, 10 vol.% etanol as a modifier and kerosene as a diluent. At (Vo :Va = 1.0:1.0) ...

Gallium is antiproliferative to many types of cancer, due primarily to its ability to act as a non-functional mimic of ferric iron (Fe(3+)). Because Fe(3+) is needed for ribonucleotide reductase activity--and thus DNA synthesis--gallium can inhibit DNA production and cell division. Diagnostic gallium scans have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly avid for gallium. Furthermore,...

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play an important role in regulating cell growth and transformation. We report that the antitumor agent gallium nitrate is a potent inhibitor (concentration producing 50% inhibition, 2-6 microM) of detergent-solubilized cellular membrane PTPase from Jurkat human T-cell leukemia cells and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. This is the first report of a select...

Gallium present in weapons plutonium must be removed before it can be used for the production of mixed-oxide (MOX) nuclear reactor fuel. The main goal of the preliminary studies conducted at Texas A&M University was to assist in the development of a thermal process to remove gallium from a gallium oxide/plutonium oxide matrix. This effort is being conducted in close consultation with the Los Al...