growing amount of information on biological sequences has made application of statistical approaches necessary for modeling and estimation of their functions. in this paper, sensitivity and specificity of the first and second markov chains for prediction of genes was evaluated using the complete double stranded  dna virus. there were two approaches for prediction of each markov model parameter,...

genomic signal processing is a relatively new field in bioinformatics, in which signal processing algorithms and methods are used to study functional structures in the dna. an appropriate mapping of the dna sequence into one or more numerical sequences enables the use of many digital signal processing tools in the analysis of different genomic sequences. also, a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus o...

the autism spectrum disorders (asd) are amongst the most heritable complex disorders. although there have been many efforts to locate the genes associated with asd risk, many has been remained to be disclosed about the genetics of asd. scrutiny's have only disclosed a small number of de novo and inherited variants significantly associated with susceptibility to asd. these only comprise a s...

leishmania is a protozoan parasite belonging to the family trypanosomatidae, which is found among 88 different countries. the parasite lives as an amastigote in vertebrate macro­phages and as a promastigote in the digestive tract of sand fly. it can be cultured in the laboratory us­ing appropriate culture media. although the sexual cycle of leishmania has not been observed during the promastigo...

infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a contagious pathogen in fowl that results in economic loss in the poultry industry. in this study, the amino acids sequences of three structural proteins m, n, and s1 for five iranian ibv isolated during 1998-2011 have been analyzed. conserved and variable regions, hydrophobic characteristics and identity matrix were determined after alignment by bioedit ve...

background: gossypium thurberi is a wild diploid species that has been used to improve cultivated allotetraploid cotton. g. thurberi belongs to d genome, which is an important wild bio-source for the cotton breeding and genetic research. to a certain degree, chloroplast dna sequence information are a versatile tool for species identification and phylogenetic implications in plants. different ch...

background :  sequence-based identification of various microorganisms including archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, diatoms, fungi, and green algae necessitates an efficient and reproducible genome extraction procedure though which a pure template dna is yielded and it can be used in polymerase chain reactions (pcr). considering the fact that dna extraction from these microorganisms is time consu...

mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtdna) polymorphisms were examinedin bone samples of individuals buried inan early neolithic (c. 5800–4900 bce) hunter-gatherer cemetery, shamanka ii, located atthe southwestern tip of lake baikal, siberia. the mainobjective was to compare the mtdna polymorphisms observed at shamanka ii to those previously reportedfrom the lokomotiv (early neolithic) and ust...

micrornas (mirnas) are short rna molecules which bind to target mrnas, resulting in translational repression and gene silencing and are found in all eukaryotic cells. approximately 2200 mirna genes have been reported to exist in the mammalian genome, from which over 1000 belong to the human genome. many major cellular functions such as development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism are kn...