in the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (wss) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). the first group exposed to wss in the pr...

background: triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is reported to be associated with a high risk of recurrence, poor overall survival (os), and disease-free survival (dfs) rates. this study evaluated the clincopathological features and survival of non-metastatic tnbc women in the capital of iran compared with other areas of the world. methods: in a retrospective study, 119 women with tnbc based o...

In the present study, the effects of different doses of nicotine on immobility time in mice were tested. Intraperitioneal administration of low doses of nicotine (0.025 mg/kg) decreased, but higher doses (0.8 and 1 mg/kg) increased immobility time. The anti-immobility response induced by low doses of nicotine was inhibited by high doses of the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride, the central nicot...

γ-aminobutiric acid (gaba), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is activated by the antispastic and muscle relaxant agent, baclofen, which is a lipophilic derivative of gaba. because of its biological and pharmacological importance, there are several reports in the literature about the synthesis of baclofen since 1962. in this study baclofen was easily synthesize...

toll like receptors (tlrs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens. in their bridging role, tlr downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by mediating dc maturation and activation of pathogen specific t lymphocytes. these pathways lead to the act...

a novel podand based anion receptor bearing benzimidazole motifs as recognition sites was designed and synthesized by reaction of 1,7-bis(2'-methylbenzoate)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane and phenylenediamine. the binding properties of anionic guest with this receptor were studied using uv-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. these studies revealed that this receptor exhibit selective recognition towards f- ...

objective: estrogen receptor alpha protein status is determined by routine immunohistochemistry analysis in all malignant breast tumors. this assay has its limitations. rna based techniques are potential complements for immunohistochemistry but it must be noticed that gene silencing may occur at different levels from rna to protein. the aim of this study was the comparison of the results from t...