green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. the “green” architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. so, green architecture is building and structure design philosophy that aims at minimal use of non-renewable and/or...

this paper classifies green envelopes as green roofs and green walls according to effective factors, which were derived from literature to compare the green envelopes’ thermal and energy performance in a more effective way. for this purpose, an extensive literature review was carried out by searching keywords in databases and studying related journal papers and articles. the research method for...

Global warming has today turned to one of the most important environmental issues due tooveruse of fossil fuels, and it needs serious attention. Since the mid-1970s, an urgent needwas therefore felt around the world to reduce the use of energy for heating and cooling inbuildings. Using green covers, especially green facades, in appropriate environmentalconditions can be regarded as a method to ...

The green hydroponics walls are among new kinds of building facades, which receive more attention from architects lately. In addition to the positive effect these walls have in maintaining humidity in arid regions, they also have positive thermal performance in both cold and hot weather conditions. Therefore, they are in the center of designers’ focus for public spaces such as schools. In terms...

In recent years, research into the efficacy of indoor air biofiltration mechanisms, notably living green walls, has become more prevalent. Whilst green walls are often utilised within the built environment for their biophilic effects, there is little evidence demonstrating the efficacy of active green wall biofiltration for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at concentrations foun...

Recently discovered reactions allow the green alga Chara corallina (Klien ex. Willd., em. R.D.W.) to grow well without the benefit of xyloglucan or rhamnogalactan II in its cell wall. Growth rates are controlled by polygalacturonic acid (pectate) bound with calcium in the primary wall, and the reactions remove calcium from these bonds when new pectate is supplied. The removal appears to occur p...

The green algal flagellate, Tetraselmis, is a key transition organism in the phylogeny of green algae. It has been proposed that the cell wall of Tetraselmis arose evolutionarily from the fusion of scales and that this event secondarily caused the alteration of some cytoplasmic processes such as mitotic and cytokinetic mechanisms. Ultrastructural and developmental studies of the cell wall were ...