Shoulder geometry of tool plays an important role in friction-stir welding because it controls thermal interactions and heat generation. This work is proposed and developed a coupled rigid-viscoplastic numerical modeling based on computational fluid dynamics and finite element calculations aiming to understand these interactions. Model solves mass conservation, momentum, and energy equations in...

Weiyuan gas field, located in the Sichuan basin of south China, is a large marine gas field with the oldest reservoir (the Sinian sequences) in south China. The hydrocarbon origin of the gas field has long been debated by petroleum geologists. Recently, it was recognized that a paleo-oil pool maybe the significant contributor to the gas field. Consequently, when the paleo-oil pool had been crac...

Choosing between multiple ontological perspectives is crucial for reasoning about the physical world. Choosing the wrong perspective can make a reasoning task impossible. This paper introduces a Lagrangian plug flow ontology (PF) for reasoning about thermodynamic fluid flow. We show that this ontology captures continuously changing behaviors of flowing fluids not represented in currently implem...

1.1 Background Earth’s evolution reflects the history of heat transfer from the interior [53, 1101 via the fundamental processes of plate tectonics, conduction through continental lithosphere, and hotspot volcanism [103]. As a result, considerable attention has been directed toward understanding Earth’s thermal history, the variation in the temperature field in space and tune. The primary direc...

The single-phase flow and thermal performance of a double pipe heat exchanger are examined by experimental methods. The working fluid is water at atmospheric pressure. Temperature measurements at the inlet and outlet of the two streams and also at an intermediate point half way between the inlet and outlet is made, using copper-constantan thermocouple wires. Mass flow rates for each stream are ...

The total heat output of the Earth constrains models of mantle and core dynamics. Previously published estimates (42–44 TW) have recently been questioned because the measured conductive heat flow on young oceanic lithosphere is about a factor of 2 less than the expected heat flow based on half-space cooling models. Taking the conductive ocean heat flow values at face value reduces the global he...

In this paper the characteristics of unsteady three-dimensional incompressible flows with heat transfer are obtained along with artificial compressibility of Chorin. At first, compatibility equations and pseudo characteristics for three-dimensional flows are derived from five governing equations (continuity equation, Momentum equations in three directions, and energy equation) and then results ...

in this work, the characteristics of flow and heat transfer of a fluid containing nano particles of aluminum oxide with the water volume fraction (0.1-0.2-0.3)(v/v) percent of the reports. the overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer and the average heat transfer fluid containing nano water - aluminum oxide in a horizontal double pipe counter flow heat exchanger under turbulent flow con...

In this article, stream flow effectivness is based on hydraulic network studied in the shell-side of a shell and tube heat exchange as a case study. For an appropriate heat exchangers rating design to meet a specified duty, it's better to consider each stream flow separately. Using the hydraulic network principals, a set of the correlations for calculating different stream flow rates in the cro...